自动驾驶作为人工智能时代到来的先行行业，将给社会带来新的风险因素， 需要法律对这些风险进行提前展望和评估。随着自动驾驶系统自动化程度提高，对应的风险将发生变化，责任主体从人类驾驶员过渡到汽车生产厂商。当汽车达到高度智能化水平，考虑到系统生产商掌握事件数据记录系统，主要由系统生产商对消费者承担责任。在生产厂商内部可以根据相关技术标准确认具体责任承担方；系统生产厂商以外的外部参与主体，包括道路基础设施运营商、高精地图图商、电信运营商等，在系统生产商承担责任后，根据具体调查结果承担相应责任。本文在不同商业场景中提出具体分析框架。在造成人员伤亡的交通事故中，自动驾驶汽车系统的设计者可能面临“电车难题”的伦理困境。对既有方案进行总结归纳后，本文提出，面对人类生命权冲 突时，自动驾驶汽车应当严格遵循“优先保护车内乘客”和“优先保护多数人”的原则。在实现方式上，自动驾驶系统通过学习人类和机器驾驶经验形成具体的决策规则。 不同国家由于各自不同的历史文化背景可能建立不同的伦理准则。自动驾驶 伦理准则可能需要全球范围的协作。另外，自动驾驶伦理准则存在着，同时也应当存在演化可能。
The autonomous vehicle, as a leading industry in the era of artificial intelligence, will bring new risk factors to society, and it is necessary for laws to anticipate and evaluate these risks in advance.As the degree of automation of self-driving systems increases, the corresponding risks will change, and the responsible subject will transition from human drivers to car manufacturers. When the degree of automation reaches a highly intelligent level, considering that the system manufacturer has control over the event data recording system, the system manufacturer is mainly responsible for consumers. The Responsibility Distribution within the manufacturer, specific responsible parties can be confirmed according to relevant technical standards. External participants other than system manufacturers, including road infrastructure operators, high-definition mappers, telecommunications operators, etc. would correspond responsibilities according to specific investigation results. This article proposes specific analysis frameworks in different business scenarios.In the face of a traffic accident with casualties, the designer of the self-driving system may face an ethical dilemma such as the "tram problem". This article proposes that in the face of the conflict of human life rights, self-driving cars should strictly follow the principles of "priority protection of passengers" and "priority protection of the majority". In other ethical conflicts, corresponding ethical guidelines can be established by studying human and machine driving experience.The establishment of an ethical code for autonomous vehicles has established a coping style to be determined in the dilemma. Countries may establish different ethical norms. There are ethical guidelines for self-driving, and there should also be the possibility of evolution.
