滚动轴承是机械设备中一种非常重要的基础零部件，是旋转机械的核心支承部件，其运行状态的好坏,将直接影响设备的运行状态和使用性能。滚动轴承运行状态的监测与早期故障预警已经成为一个研究热点。摩擦纳米发电机利用摩擦起电以及静电感应的耦合将机械能转化为电能，是一种新型能量收集技术。近年来，摩擦纳米发电机在能量收集以及小型自供能设备研究等领域进展迅速。基于摩擦纳米发电机技术，本文提出了两种结构的自供能滚动球轴承设计，并研究了它们的输出性能及潜在应用。主要的研究及结果如下：（1）摩擦电推力球轴承及其应用。以亚克力材料为主，用机械加工方法制作出推力球轴承的主要部件。在静子上粘贴柔性叉指电极，转子旋转过程中，滚动体在叉指电极表面滚动，构成摩擦纳米发电机。在静子上均匀分布多个感应线圈，在转子对应位置嵌入永磁铁，构成电磁发电机。探究转子转速、滚动体材料、负载电阻、永磁铁数量等参数对于发电特性的影响。在实际环境中，研究推力球轴承的自供能特性、稳定性以及实际环境可应用性。结果表明，提出的摩擦电推力球轴承可靠性较好，在转动过程中能够收集转动能量，驱动低功耗负载，略微改装后可实现风速、风向实时监测。（2）摩擦电径向球轴承及其应用。提出了一种基于摩擦纳米发电机的径向球轴承，以传统的高分子聚合物深沟球轴承为基础，在其外圈外环面粘贴柔性叉指电极，形成智能径向球轴承。首先，通过有限元软件COMSOL对其发电机理进行仿真分析，试验研究保持架、尺寸、外圈材料等参数对轴承转速传感特性的影响；其次探究了它的自供能特性以及可靠性；最后，研究了摩擦电轴承对自身故障和普通金属轴承故障的诊断分类能力。结果显示，本文提出的摩擦电径向球轴承具有较好的自供能、自感应特性。
Rolling bearing is a very important basic component in mechanical equipment and the core supporting component of rotating machinery, the quality of its running state will directly affect the running state and performance of the equipment. The monitoring of rolling bearing operation status and early fault warning have become a research hotspot. Triboelectric nanogenerator can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy based on triboelectric friction and electric induction, which is a new type of energy harvesting technology. In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerator has made rapid progress in the fields of energy harvesting and research on small self-powered device. In this paper, two designs of rolling ball bearing are proposed based on polymer materials, inorganic materials, copper and other materials, and their output performance and application are studied. The main research and results are as follows:(1) Triboelectric thrust ball bearing and its applications.Mainly made of acrylic materials, the main components of thrust ball bearings are manufactured by machining methods. A flexible interdigitated electrode is pasted on the stator. During the rotation of the rotor, the rolling body rolls on the surface of the interdigitated electrode to form triboelectric nanogenerator. Multiple induction coils are evenly distributed on the stator, and permanent magnets are embedded in corresponding positions of the rotor to form electromagnetic generators. Explore the effects of rotor speed, rolling material, load resistance, number of permanent magnets and other parameters on power generation characteristics. In the actual environment, study the self-powering characteristics, stability and practical applicability of thrust ball bearings. The results show that the proposed triboelectric thrust ball bearing has good reliability, can collect the rotating energy during the rotation process, drive the low-power device, and can realize real-time monitoring of wind speed and direction after slight modification.(2) Triboelectric radial ball bearing and its applications.A radial ball bearing based on triboelectric nanogenerator is proposed. Based on the traditional polymer deep groove ball bearing, a flexible interdigital electrode is pasted on the outer ring surface to form a smart radial ball bearing. First, the finite element software COMSOL was used to simulate and analyze its generator theory, and the effects of cage, size, outer ring material and other parameters on the bearing speed sensing characteristics were tested; secondly, its self-powering characteristics and reliability were explored; finally, The ability of triboelectric radial ball bearings to diagnose and classify their own faults and common metal bearing faults is studied. The results show that the triboelectric radial ball bearing proposed in this paper has good self-energy and self-induction characteristics.
