在西方文明史上，文艺复兴是一次伟大的思想文化运动，它历时最长，影响最深，涉及到艺术、哲学、科学等各个领域。文艺复兴时期的建筑艺术普遍繁荣起来，产生了新的建筑形制、空间组合和设计手法，对以后几个世纪建筑的发展产生了深远的影响。本文以文艺复兴早期的建筑发展为背景，以莱昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔伯蒂的建筑为研究对象，理解其建筑理论的思想内涵，探究其建筑风格的特征，来归纳其建筑思想的深度和价值。 阿尔伯蒂是文艺复兴早期的画家、雕塑家、建筑师、作家和科学家。他博学多才，兴趣广泛，通过对绘画、雕刻和建筑的研究，创建了完整的艺术理论学说，并阐释了视觉艺术的新价值。阿尔伯蒂在古典建筑的技术、风格与理念方面进行了广泛而卓越的探索，其作品有极高的艺术成就。在阅读维特鲁威的著作《建筑十书》并考察古代建筑遗址的过程中，他开始了自己建筑学方面的著述。他的著作《建筑论》推崇的是古罗马建筑风格，也包含了大量独创性的观点。他认为建筑师应该具备丰富的知识和理性的判断，他们的建造活动应该以自然条件和社会环境为基础。他所提出的设计原则强调了和谐与比例的重要性，阐述了美与装饰、几何与数、墙与柱之间的关系，提倡古典建筑中理想比例和形式的运用。 阿尔伯蒂的建筑实践是他所建立的建筑理论的延续与表达。他的建筑作品主要集中在佛罗伦萨，还有一些分布在曼图亚和里米尼，建筑类型包括教堂、公共建筑以及府邸住宅等。在建筑设计中，他将古典的秩序和丰富的艺术想象力结合起来，创造出新的形式。他的建筑作品风格庄重、宏伟而和谐，蕴含着哲学以及宗教的光辉，为后来的建筑师们确定了古典化的标准。 身处文艺复兴早期的阿尔伯蒂是古典建筑复兴的先驱之一，被喻为建筑理论之父。他综合历史、科学和考古的视角，以人文主义者的高度去看待建筑艺术。他诠释了从艺匠到人文主义者的转变，将工程技术总结为知识理论，又将理论应用于实践。他的不断探索为后世的建筑理论与实践留下了宝贵的知识与精神财富。
In the history of Western civilization, Renaissance is a great ideological and cultural movement, which has the longest history and the deepest influence, involving art, philosophy, science and other fields. The Renaissance's architecture flourished generally, resulting in new architectural forms, new spatial combinations and new design techniques, which had a profound impact on the development of architecture in the next few centuries. With the early Renaissance architectural development as the background, this paper selects Leon Battista Alberti's architecture as the research object, through understanding the connotation of his architectural theory and exploring the characteristics of his architectural style, to summarize the depth and value of his architectural thought. Alberti was a painter, sculptor, architect, writer, and scientist in the early Renaissance. He is knowledgeable and has a wide range of interests. Through the study of painting, sculpture and architecture, he created a complete theory of art and explained the new value of visual art. In the process of reading Vitruvius' works and investigating ancient architectural sites, he began his own works on architecture. His Ten Book on Architecture advocates the ancient Roman architectural style and contains a lot of original ideas. He thinks that architects should have rich knowledge and rational judgment, and their construction activities should be based on natural conditions and social environment. His design principle emphasizes the importance of harmony and proportion, expounds on the relationship between beauty and decoration, geometry and number, wall and column, and advocates the application of ideal proportion and form in classical architecture. Alberti's architectural practice is the continuation and expression of his architectural theory. His architectural works are mainly situated in Florence, and some are distributed in Mantua and Rimini. The architectural types include churches, public buildings and residences. In architectural design, he combines classical order with rich artistic imagination to create new forms. His architectural works are solemn, grand and harmonious, containing the brilliance of philosophy and religion, which set the standard of classicality for later architects. Alberti, who was in the early Renaissance, was one of the pioneers of the Renaissance of classical architecture and was known as the father of architectural theory. From the perspective of history, science and archaeology, Alberti looked at architecture as a humanist. He interpreted the transformation from craftsman to humanist, summarized engineering technology into theory, and applied the theory into practice. His continuous exploration left precious knowledge and spiritual wealth for the later architectural theory and practice.
