大型基础设施规模巨大、技术工艺复杂，从规划设计→建设施工→运营维护→拆除整个阶段会消耗大量物力人力，并且涉及干系人众多，会对其产生复杂的社会影响。因此，有必要在项目实施之前科学评估大型基础设施的社会影响。目前，生命周期评价理论（LCA，Life Cycle Assessment）的标准、工具已经相对完备，基于环境生命周期评价（ELCA，Environment Life Cycle Assessment）理论在建筑领域也具备比较成熟的模型和方法，但是国际上对于建筑领域的社会生命周期评价（SLCA，Social Life Cycle Assessment）的研究还处于发展阶段，对于社会生命周期评价的重点研究过程及要素、定量评价方法等缺乏系统化的研究。 论文根据生命周期评价理论的基本框架，明确了社会生命周期评价的理论框架；基于文献调研以及相关的理论分析，得出目前其评价框架中需要重点关注的评价过程及要素。结合生命周期评价的理论范式，借鉴较为成熟的环境生命周期评价体系，提出了包括干系人类别、子类别、影响类别、特征化方法、权重确定等5类重点评价过程及要素。遵循生命周期评价理论的原则，结合我国大型基础设施的特点，构建了基于生命周期评价理论的大型基础设施社会影响评价模型。 论文首先确定了大型基础设施生命周期中可能受到社会影响的5类干系人；通过文献调研的形式收集了建设工程可能产生的社会影响指标清单，通过理论分析将其简化最终得到论文模型中的子类别社会影响指标清单；从社会效益的层面明确了影响类别，并将各子类别分别归类到对应的影响类别中；提出了清单中各子类别指标数据的评估方法，支持项目前期对项目的社会影响进行定量化评价；运用层次分析法，构建层次分析模型，确定各社会影响的权值；明确了各关键的评价过程和重点要素后，结合生命周期评价的理论范式，构建大型基础设施的社会影响评价模型，辅助决策。最后论文模型被用于具体的案例研究中，分析具体项目中各干系人的社会影响程度，从而进行科学合理的管理和决策。 论文提出的基于生命周期评价的大型基础设施社会影响评价模型，确定了需要重点关注评价过程及要素，属于建筑领域社会生命周期评价的建构类研究，对于拓展深化建筑领域社会生命周期评价体系具有理论意义和价值，其评估结果可追溯主要社会影响的环节、干系人，在建设前期提升对策建议的针对性和有效性。

Large-scale infrastructures have complicated technical processes. From planning and design → construction→ operation and maintenance → demolition, they will consume a lot of material and manpower, and involve a large number of stakeholders, who will be influenced by complicated social impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically evaluate the social impacts of large-scale infrastructure before the implementation of the project. At present, the standards and tools of life cycle assessment theory are relatively complete, and the environmental life cycle assessment theory also have relatively mature models and methods in the field of construction. However, the research on social life cycle assessment in the field of construction is still in the development stage, and there is a lack of systematic research on the key research processes and elements and quantitative evaluation methods of social life cycle assessment. Based on the framework of life cycle assessment theory, the thesis clarifies the theoretical framework of social life cycle assessment. Based on literature research and related theoretical analysis, the key evaluation process and elements in its current evaluation framework are identified. Combining with the theoretical paradigm of life cycle assessment and drawing on the mature environmental life cycle assessment system, five key evaluation processes and elements including stakeholders, sub-categoryies impact categories, characterization method, and weighting are proposed. Following the principles of life cycle assessment theory and combining the characteristics of China's large-scale infrastructure, a social impact assessment model of large-scale infrastructure based on life cycle assessment theory is constructed. The thesis identifies the five types of stakeholders, collectes a list of social impact indicators that may be generated by construction projects through the form of literature research, and simplifies it through theoretical analysis. The impact categories are clarified from the perspective of social benefits, and each sub-category is classified into the corresponding impact category. The evaluation method of the indicator data of each sub-category in the list is proposed to support the project ’s early stage quantitative evaluation of social impact. The analytic hierarchy process is used to construct analytic hierarchy process model to determine the weight of each social impact. After clarifying each key evaluation process and key elements, combined with the theoretical paradigm of life cycle assessment, the large-scale infrastructure Social impact evaluation mode is constructed to assist decision-making. Finally, the model is used in a specific case study to analyze the degree of social impact of various stakeholders in specific projects, so as to make scientific and reasonable management and decision-making. The social impact assessment model of large-scale infrastructure has the theoretical significance and value as the role of expanding and deepening the social life cycle assessment system in the field of architecture. And its evaluation results can trace the main social impact, and improve the relevance and effectiveness of countermeasures and suggestions in the early stage of construction.