2019 年 5 月 23 日，中共中央、国务院印发了《关于建立国土空间规划体系并 监督实施的若干意见》，明确了要建立国土空间规划体系的任务，并强调科学的资 源承载能力评价在国土空间规划体系中的基础性作用。现有承载力测算研究主要 集中在土地资源、水资源等单项承载力测算，适用范围为省级（区域）、市、县级 等较大空间单元，缺乏村镇级小尺度空间的承载力评价研究。村镇规划缺乏全面反 映资源环境约束的评价体系，难以满足新时期进一步落实空间规划对村镇建设开 发强度、发展模式的指引需要。本文对国内外相关研究进展进行梳理，分析、比较国内外常用的承载力研究方 法和理论模型，归纳其适用范围和研究局限；针对村镇尺度的资源环境承载力评价 研究，建立了以 DPSIR 模型为框架的村镇资源环境承载力评价体系。研究以北京市大兴区采育镇作为案例区，对镇域内 55 个行政村开展了现状调 研和数据收集工作，数据范围涵盖土地利用、经济社会、资源环境等方面的数据； 并基于以上基础，进行了基于 DPSIR 模型的综合指标体系的村镇资源环境评价， 分析镇内资源环境状况，给出各村承载力评价分级结果和基于承载力提升的空间 规划方案评估。结果表明：采育镇内各村的资源环境状态存在较大差异，部分村域生态环境较 差，主要原因包括人口密度高、用地不集中、污水直接排放、垃圾处理不足等原因， 与村镇用地结构、经济模式等直接相关。未来需结合空间规划、村庄统筹实施规划 方案进行承载力提升工作。

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued several opinions on the establishment and supervision of the implementation of the land and space planning system on May 23, 2019, which clearly defined the task of establishing the land and space planning system, and emphasized the basic role of scientific resource carrying capacity evaluation in the land and space planning system. The existing research on bearing capacity measurement mainly focuses on the single bearing capacity measurement of land resources and water resources, which is applicable to large spatial units such as provincial (regional), city and county level, and lacks the research on bearing capacity evaluation of small-scale space at the village level. Village and town planning lacks an evaluation system that comprehensively reflects the constraints of resources and environment, and it is difficult to meet the needs of further implementation of spatial planning in the new era to guide the intensity and development mode of village and town construction and development.This study reviews the related research progress at home and abroad, analyzes and compares the research methods and theoretical models of bearing capacity commonly used at home and abroad, summarizes the scope of application and research limitations; aiming at the research of resource and environment bearing capacity evaluation on the scale of villages and towns, establishes the evaluation system of resource and environment bearing capacity of villages and towns based on the framework of DPSIR model.The study takes Caiyu Town, Daxing District, Beijing as a case study area. 55 villages in the town were investigated and data collection was carried out, covering land use, economic and social, resource and environment data. On the basis of the above, a comprehensive indicator system based on the DPSIR model is carried out to evaluate the resources and environment of villages and towns, analyze the regional resources and environment conditions, and provide the results of the evaluation and classification of the bearing capacity of each village and the evaluation of the spatial planning scheme based on the perspective of bearing capacity improvement.The results show that the status of resources and environment in the villages in Caiyu town is quite different, and the ecological environment in some villages is poor. The main reasons include the high population density, the lack of land use, the direct discharge of sewage, the lack of garbage treatment and other reasons, which are directly related to the land use structure and economic model of the villages and towns. In the future, it is necessary to improve the bearing capacity in combination with the spatial planning and the overall implementation plan of the village.