在知识经济时代，以知识产权为代表的智力成果成为推动社会经济发展的核心要素之一。地理标志作为知识产权的一种类型，由其所在地区的人文因素、地理因素经过长期的历史积累而形成，饱含着巨大的经济价值；而商标是能够区分商品或服务提供者的标识，承载着较高的商誉。但是现实中地理标志与商标的权利冲突不仅仅带来了诸多法律上的困惑，更是扰乱社会市场经济秩序,成为阻碍经济发展的绊脚石。国际条约中对于这一问题的规定也比较模糊。对于地理标志的保护制度，我国开始是参考了欧盟的专门法保护制度和美国的商标法保护制度,这使得与商标的保护有了交集；另外地理标志与商标在权利属性、功能、行政保护、表现形式等方面又并非完全不同；在立法上，几种不同的法律法规中分散着对地理标志保护的条款，法院颁布的有关司法解释对相关理论的适用也存在一定的矛盾。在此背景下，二者的冲突在实践中往往都是在商标法的框架下，通过司法裁判的方式进行解决，但是法院的审判观点也不统一。因此，本文结合国际条约、国内外立法与司法实践中的做法，通过社会成本理论分析，尝试着从权利优化配置的角度提出地理标志对商标在权利上应该是由容忍到绝对优先的过程，并且也尝试进一步厘清司法裁判中存在的理论适用问题，为解决冲突提供切实可行的制度安排；最后对建立地理标志专门法律提出设想，借此提高地理标志保护水平，同时尊重商标的合法权利。 本文在结构上分了五个部分，首先引言部分介绍了地理标志保护制度的起源以及在我国的发展历程，地理标志与商标的相关概念、作用与时代意义；第一章分析了地理标志与商标在我国冲突的现状和原因，介绍了二者在保护制度、司法裁判现状、权利属性、功能、表现形式以及市场中的利益相关性等方面的问题；第二章按照在先地理标志与商标、在先商标与地理标志的冲突类型，选取了国内外的典型案例，提取出了要讨论的要素与有待讨论的问题；第三章讨论了修正后的“时间在先，权利在先”原则的适用，并提出了优先保护地理标志的观点，讨论了地理标志与商标之间的功能同质性、可否近似对比与侵权判定标准问题；第四章分别从注册与侵权角度提出了协调冲突的制度安排；并且在建立地理标志专门法律方面提出了一些设想，以解决当前的冲突问题；第五章梳理并总结上文，得出结论。

In the era of knowledge economy, intellectual achievements represented by intellectual property rights have become one of the core elements to promote social and economic development. Geographical indications, as a type of intellectual property, are formed by the long-term historical accumulation of human factors and geographical factors in their regions, and they are full of huge economic value. Trademarks are marks that can distinguish providers of goods or service, and carry higher goodwill. However, in reality, the conflicts of rights between geographical indications and trademarks not only brings a lot of legal confusion, but also disrupts the social market economic order and becomes a stumbling block to economic development. The provisions of international treaties are also vague on this issue. For the protection system of geographical indications, China initially learned from the EU's special legal protection system and the US trademark law protection system, which made the intersection with the protection of trademarks. In addition, geographical indications and trademarks differ in the attribute of rights, functions, administrative protection, performance forms and other aspects. In terms of legislation, several different laws and regulations are scattered about the protection of geographical indications, and there are certain contradictions in the application of relevant judicial interpretations issued by the court to the relevant theories. Against this background, the conflicts are often resolved in the framework of the trademark law through judicial judgment. But the court's trial opinions are also not unified. Therefore, from the perspective of optimal allocation of rights, that this article combines international treaty, legislation and judicial practices at home and abroad, through social cost theory analysis, puts forward that geographical indications should be tolerated to absolute priority for trademarks, and attempts to further clarify the theoretical application problems in judicial adjudication, and to provide practical and feasible institutional arrangements for conflicts resolution. Finally, while respecting the legal rights of trademarks, we try to put forward ideas on the establishment of special laws for geographical indications, to improve the protection of geographical indications.This article is divided into five parts in structure. First, the introduction part introduces the related concepts, functions，era significance of geographical indications and trademarks, the origin of the geographical indication protection system and its development process in China. In chapter 1, we analyze the current status and causes of conflicts in our country between geographical indications and trademarks, introduce the issues of protection systems, the status of judicial decisions, rights attributes, functions, forms of expression, and interest relevance in the market etc. In chapter 2, based on prior geographical indications and trademarks, prior trademarks and geographical indications, we select typical cases at home and abroad, and extract the elements to be discussed and the issues to be discussed. In chapter 3, we discuss the revised "time first, rights first" principle, and put forward the viewpoint of giving priority to the protection of geographical indications, and discuss the functional homogeneity, approximate comparison and infringement judgment standards between geographical indications and trademarks. In chapter 4, we propose a system of coordination from the perspective of registration and infringement arrangements, and put forward some ideas in the establishment of special laws on geographical indications to solve the current conflicts. In the chapter 5, we summarize the full text.