随着社会老龄化程度的不断加深，老年人的健康问题也越来越受到关注。个体随着年龄的增长，认知能力会不同程度的衰退和下滑。为能够及时了解社区老年人的认知水平，对预防老年认知障碍有重要的意义。在现有的认知能力评估工具中除简易精神状态量表（MMSE）和蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）外，心理学领域的学者们通常使用电脑程序中Stroop范式任务以及N-back任务测试和评估老年人认知能力，目前尚无一款便捷的工具用于检测评估老年认知能力。本研究首先针对老年人认知水平下降首先表现出的两个方面——认知反应和短时记忆，基于Stroop任务和N-back任务设计开发两台测试仪：认知反应时测试仪和短时记忆测试仪。其次，对开发的测试仪进行信效度检验，信度测试采用重复测量的方法，效度测试采用与电脑程序Stroop任务和N-back任务结果进行比较的方法。最后，将通过信效度检验的仪器用于实践测试。研究结果：1）认知反应时测试仪信度效度结果分别为r信=0.787（p<0.01）和r效=0.652（p<0.01）；短时记忆能力测试仪三个等级的信度效度结果分别为r信-1=0.723（p<0.01）、r信-2=0.670（p<0.01）、r信-3=0.630（p<0.01）和r效-1=0.719（p<0.01）、r效-2=0.611（p<0.01）、r效-3=0.384（p<0.05）；2）老年人认知能力反应时间与性别组间有非常显著差异（p<0.01），认知能力反应时间与不同年龄段老年人组间有非常显著差异（P<0.01）；3）短时记忆测试仪测试结果显示，短时记忆A2和B2反应时间分别与性别组间有显著差异（p<0.05），而短时记忆C1、C2反应时间与性别组间没有显著差异。短时记忆A1、A2、B1反应时间与年龄段组间有显著差异（p<0.05），短时记忆C1，C2与不同年龄段组间没有显著差异。研究结论：1）本研究基于Stroop任务与N-back任务完成了认知反应时测试仪及短时记忆测试仪的设计与开发；2）应用重复测量法和效标效度法对两台测试仪器进行了信度和效度的检验，均达到了实际应用的标准；3）应用两台仪器在江苏句容市42个社区中的1133位老年人（>60岁）进行了实际应用测试。对测试结果进行初步分析结果显示，两台仪器可用于评估老年人认知能力。

Background: With the deepening of the aging of society, the health problem of the elderly is attracting more and more attention of the society. After individuals enter the old age stage, their cognitive ability will decline to different degrees as the age increases. Some of them will develop Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and then Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), which will cause a heavy burden to their family and society. Timely understanding the cognitive level of the elderly in the community is of great practical significance in preventing MCI and AD. In addition to the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), scholars in the field of psychology usually use the Stroop paradigm task and N-back task in the computer program to test and evaluate the Cognitive ability of the elderly. There is no convenient instrument for the detection and evaluation of cognitive ability in the elderly so far.Method: In this research, two instruments, Cognitive Response Time Instrument (CRTI) and Short-term Memory Instrument (STMI), were designed and developed based on Stroop task and N-back task. Next, the reliability and validity of the developed testers were tested. The reliability test adopted the method of repeated measurement, and the validity test was compared with the results of Stroop task and N-back task of the computer program. Finally, Use the instrument with reliability and validity test for practical testingResults: 1) the reliability(R) and validity(V) of the CRTI were R=0.787 (p<0.01) and V=0.652 (p<0.01), respectively. The reliability and validity results of three grades of STMI were R1=0.723 (p<0.01), R2 =0.670 (p<0.01), R3 =0.630 (p<0.01), V1 =0.719 (p<0.01), V2=0.611 (p<0.01), and V3=0.384 (p<0.05). 2) there was a significant difference between the CRTI of the elderly and the gender group (p<0.01), and there was a significant difference between the CRTI and the elderly groups of different ages (p<0.01). 3) STMI results showed that the response time of A2 and B2 of STMI was significantly different from that of the gender group (p<0.05), while the response time of C1 and C2 of STMI was not significantly different from that of the gender group. STMI of A1, A2 and B1 was significantly different from that of the age group (p<0.05), while STMI of C1 and C2 was not significantly different from that of the age group.Conclusions: 1) This reserch completed the design and development of cognitive response time tester and short-term memory tester based on Strop task and N-back task; 2) The reliability and validity of the two test instruments were tested by the repeated measurement method and the criterion validity method, which met the practical application standards;3) Two instruments were used to test the actual application of 1133 elderly people (>60 years old) in 42 communities from Jurong City(Jiangsu Province). A preliminary analysis of the test results shows that two instruments can be used to assess cognitive abilities in the elderly.