医疗制度的核心是通过医疗制度改革实现在有限资源下实现资源有效配置。本文基于玉溪市和成都市医院病例数据，按照对全部疾病进行三层分类，并对每一层分类疾病医疗资源有效性情况分析。结果显示：玉溪市、成都市费用开支增加均可以显著提高治疗效果，且不同疾病之间提升的幅度普遍存在差异。两市各病种资源配置有效性排序情况大体相同，但存在差异。两市同级医院及本市二、三级医院各类疾病治疗效率方面存在较大差异。

The core of medical system is effective allocation under the limited resources through the reform of medical system. Current research on the allocation of medical resources mainly focuses on small-scale diseases lacking the scope of whole disease. Based on the data of Yuxi and Chengdu hospitals, all diseases are classified into systematic-scale diseases, major-scale diseases and minor-scale diseases, according to the ICD-10 disease coding method and analyze the effectiveness of medical resources at each scale. At the same time, select data from all systematic-scale diseases, major-scale diseases and representative diseases in minor-scale diseases to test whether the difference of expenditure coefficients between different diseases is significant. Compare the allocation of medical resources among different hospital level by descriptive statistics and quantitative analysis.The result shows that respiratory system diseases, circulatory system diseases, digestive system diseases, skeletal muscle system and connective tissue diseases accounted for about 75% of the total diseases in the two cities, and respiratory system diseases accounted for 30% according to descriptive statistics. According to the results of econometric analysis, the variables of medical treatment effect are in order, but the values do not have specific meanings, so the ordered logit model is adopted. The increase of expenditure in Yuxi City and Chengdu City can improve the treatment effect significantly as well as the extent of improvement among different diseases is generally different. The ranking of resource allocation effectiveness of diseases in the two cities is principally consistent, but a few differences. There are some differences in the treatment efficiency between the same level hospitals in different cities and different hospital in same city. Significance test of coefficient difference shows the significant differences between most diseases in systematic-scale diseases, major-scale diseases and minor-scale diseases which means the curative rate of marginal expenditure is significantly different among different diseases, indicating that most kinds of diseases are ineffective or inefficient in resource allocation. According to the robustness test using ordered probit model, only a small part of the cost-expenditure coefficient, gender coefficient and age coefficient significance is changed, and the coefficient symbols are not change which means that the analysis conclusion about the effect of expenditure on therapeutic effect is robust.Based on the data analysis of millions of medical records in Yuxi and Chengdu. Empirical study on the distribution of medical resources among different diseases and the distribution of medical resources in different hospital grades shows that the therapeutic effect of various diseases has improved with the increase of expenditure, indicating that medical resources are still insufficient. Increased expenditure has different therapeutic effects on different diseases, which indicates that the allocation of medical resources is inefficient.There are differences in the allocation of medical resources for various diseases between hospitals of different level in the same region and hospitals of the same level in different regions, which indicates that the allocation of medical resources for various diseases in hospitals of different level needs to be improved.