在现代哲学中，自我问题是一个重要的研究维度，因为对自我的理解总是建立在某种哲学观念之上的，在当代现象学研究中同样如此。法国当代哲学家伊曼努尔?列维纳斯作为重要的现象学家，以对绝对他者问题的研究推进了现象学的发展，为当代哲学研究打开了新思路，他的伦理第一哲学观念尤其具有独创性，无论对于形而上学还是伦理学研究都极富启发。他最重要的哲学工作之一是提出了一种新的主体观念，这种观念旨在在现代反人本主义者对主体进行解构的思潮中重新捍卫自我的主体性地位，其独辟蹊径之处在于将自我建立在与绝对他者（他人）的关联之上，自我是在与他人的关联中被委以责任从而获得自身并成为主体的。本文的研究就围绕列维纳斯的自我观念展开，试图对一种始于宾格的自我、一种始于被动性的主体能够成立的哲学根源与发展脉络予以探究，并对其独特价值予以说明。 本文从存在、时间、他者三个角度展开对列维纳斯的自我观念的考察，主要包括：一，自我从匿名的存在中挣脱并在与绝对他者的关联中获得自身；二，他者性是时间性的本质要素，时间是绝对他者与自我的关系；三，绝对他者与自我以欲望为引导建立起多种关联，其中面容、言说、爱欲、生育、人质、替代是本文论证的要点，它们共同阐明了在列维纳斯哲学中绝对他者对于自我的形成是具有建构性的前提，因此也是主体性的重要条件。论文的主体呈现为自我与存在、自我与时间、自我与他者三个部分，递进式地展现了列维纳斯的能够为他者负责的自我观念。 通过对列维纳斯的自我观念的研究，可以看到他的自我观念是他的责任性主体观念能够成立的内在支撑，也是其伦理第一哲学的重要基础。他的研究为现象学的发展带来了方向上的转折，并为现象学研究的意义赋予了新的理解：给予绝对他者以真正的哲学地位，因为绝对他者不只是在生存活动中与我相遇的另一个自我，而是以其异质性给自我以启示者，是自我形成、主体性确立的构成性前提。在已有的列维纳斯研究中，从他人角度与主体间性角度进行的研究已经不少，但是以自我观念为主题的研究尚不多见，虽然这与上述已有研究在内容上有所重叠，但是这个角度的研究对于更加全面地理解列维纳斯哲学是有所助益的。

In the modern philosophy, self-question is an important research dimension, since the understanding of self is always based on a certain philosophical concept, as well as in the contemporary phenomenology research. The French contemporary philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, as an important phenomenologist, promoted the development of phenomenology with the study of the Other, and brought in new ideas for the contemporary philosophy. His concept of ethic first philosophy is especially original, which is very enlightening to the study of metaphysics and ethics. One of his most important philosophical work is to propose a new concept of subjectivity, which aims to re-defend the subjective position of the self in the modern antihumanism ' s deconstruction of the subject. The innovation lies in establishing the self on the relationship with the Other, the self is given responsibility in relation to the Other to gain itself and become the subject. Based on the self of Levinas, this dissertation is attempts to explore the philosophical origin and development of a self that starts from the objective self and a subject that starts from passivity, and explain its unique value. This dissertation examines the self of Levinas from three perspectives: existence, time and the Other. First, the self breaks away from the existence of anonymity and acquires itself in association with the Other; Second, otherness is the essential element of temporality, and time is the relation between the Other and the self; Third, the Other and the self establish a variety of connections guided by desires. Among them, face, saying, eros, fertility, hostage and substitution are the main points of this dissertation's argument, which together illustrate that the Other in the philosophy of Levinas are the precondition of construction for the formation of the self, and therefore an important condition of subjectivity. The main body of the dissertation presents three parts: self and existence, self and time, self and the Other, and progressively shows the self-concept of Levinas that can be responsible for the Other. Through the research of the self of Levinas, we can see that his self-concept is the inner support of his subjective concept, and also the important foundation of his ethic first philosophy. His research has brought a turning point in the development of phenomenology and given a new understanding to the meaning of phenomenological research: it gives the Other a real philosophical status, because the Other is not only the other self that meets me in the existence, but also the one who enlightens the self with its otherness, which is the premise of the formation of self and the establishment of subjectivity. In the existing study on Levinas, there have been many studies from the perspective of the Other and the perspective of intersubjectivity, but the research with self as the subujcet is still rare, although some content of this research may overlap the existing study, the study from this perspective is helpful for a comprehensive understanding of Levinas.