在北京旧城更新过程中，“大杂院”因其人员结构复杂，所有权模糊，居住指标紧张的特性，成为亟待解决的改造难题。其中庭院空间因其所有权共享，半公共的特性，以及大杂院居民扩充生活面积的迫切需求，被私搭乱建侵占的现象尤为严重。此外，随着家庭结构精简，人口流动加速，生活习惯变迁，传统的大家族式共享庭院结构已无法满足居民对私密性、功能、户外活动等方面的需求，对大杂院单元的庭院空间进行适应性改造已成必然。在关于北京旧城民居更新的相关理论研究中，宏观视角的规划开发策略研究框架已基本完备；建筑设计层面对户型和空间研究也已经有部分理论进行探讨，但目前仍欠缺对于公共庭院空间，特别是大杂院庭院这一弱势空间的针对性探讨。大杂院的外部空间品质与室内空间同等重要，为院落内的户外活动提供场所。为了营造宜居、有活力、可持续的大杂院庭院空间，不能将其仅作为设计理论中的附属空间或伴生结果，而应作为设计主体主动进行适应性改造研究。本文首先通过文献综述对选题意义和杂院更新改造进行概述，并结合实地调研、文献梳理、案例分析等方式等方法总结大杂院庭院空间需满足的空间需求以及目前已有的实践项目概况；从产权性质，居民结构和居住密度等多视角对庭院进行分类和更新讨论，结合大量的实践案例进行设计手法的类型探讨；最后，结合北京草厂片区旧城更新项目的实践，从空间结构、空间尺度、空间功能和设计手法等方面进行适应性改造的设计探讨。
In the process of Beijing inner city redevelopment, the “courtyard complex”, which is a courtyard house with complex inhabitant structure, vague ownership and tight residential status, has become a core dilemma. Within a courtyard complex unit, the outdoor courtyard space is particularly worth studying because of its nature of shared ownership and residents’ urgent need to expand living area. In addition, with the core family structure, accelerated population movements, and changes in living habits, the traditional large family-style shared courtyard structure can no longer meet the modern needs for privacy, function, outdoor activities, etc. Reshaping has become a necessity.In previous studies on Beijing inner city redevelopment, the framework of the overall planning and development strategy has been basically completed; architectural studies have also discussed topics on floor plan and interior renovation, but not so much discussions on courtyard. In order to create a livable, dynamic and sustainable courtyard space, it can not be treated as a subsidiary space or associated result in design theory. It should be treated as the design objective with adaptive transformation research.Research methods such as field research, data analysis and literature review are used in this paper. The appropriate method to treat courtyard space in the courtyard complex is discussed from varies perspectives, such as property right, spatial structure, functions, etc.
