近年来，垂直起降飞行器备受青睐，其主要升力部件——旋翼成为新的研究热点，而涵道风扇作为旋翼的一种特殊构型，由于其安全性和高性能格外受到关注。涵道风扇是指旋翼被一个封闭的合适大小的环形涵道包围的机械结构，涵道风扇的涵道外形对涵道风扇的气动性能有着较大的影响。本文的主要目的是对涵道的外形参数进行优化分析，从而得到更好的涵道风扇悬停性能。为了实现对涵道风扇悬停性能的快速、准确计算，本文采用了二维动量源方法进行计算，通过与试验结果的对比，验证了二维动量源方法能够很好的计算涵道外形对悬停性能产生的影响。为了克服非连续性和随机性，并且实现多个参数的同步优化，本文采用遗传算法进行优化，并且用拟合函数对遗传算法参数进行了设计。目前的研究主要针对涵道入口半径、涵道出口扩张角、涵道出口段长度和桨尖-涵道间隙四个参数。在此基础上，进一步研究了以下三个方面。第一是研究涵道出口扩张角和涵道出口段长度的耦合性，发现二者的耦合程度很低，并且给出了不同桨尖-涵道间隙下涵道出口扩张角和出口段长度的合理取值范围。第二是用NURBS样条曲线生成自由外形的涵道入口曲线，并且首次研究了涵道入口曲率半径和涵道入口顶点对于涵道风扇性能的影响，当涵道入口曲率半径较小，且涵道入口顶点位置靠近涵道外侧时，涵道风扇有较好的悬停性能。第三是探索了当涵道扩张角为0°时，风扇在涵道中的安装位置对涵道性能的影响，发现当选取合适的涵道入口参数时，风扇在涵道中的安装位置不会对悬停性能产生影响。

In recent years, the vertical take-off and landing aircraft has been widely used. The rotor, as its main lifting component, has also been studied extensively. The ducted fan is a configuration of the rotor, which is particularly concerned for its safety and efficiency.The ducted fan refers to a mechanical structure in which the rotor is surrounded by a closed and suitable annular duct. In the case that the ducted fan’s aerodynamic performance is greatly influenced by the duct profile, the purpose of this thesis is to optimize the profile parameters to obtain better hover performance.In order to calculate the hover performance rapidly and correctly, the 2D momentum source method is obtained. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, in order to overcome the discontinuity and randomness of the performance-parameter function.In the case that the researches on ducted fan optimization mainly focus on the inlet radius, the duct diffuser angle, the duct diffuser length and the tip gap of blade, this thesis analyzed the duct profile in three directions.Firstly, the uncoupling of the diffuser expansion angle and the diffuser length is revealed. In Addition, the reasonable range of the diffuser expansion and the diffuser length is given under different tip gap.Secondly, the NURBS spline curve is used to generate the duct inlet profile, which give a creative conclusion about the influence of the inlet curvature radius and peak position that a smaller curvature radius and a peak more outward is preferred.Thirdly, the installation position of the fan in the duct is analyzed. When the diffuser expansion angle is 0°, and a reasonable inlet profile is adopted, the installation position has little influence on hover performance.