人类对于空间的认知是个体乃至族群在长期活动环境中，通过对客观世界的观察理解和主观的精神层面交流中逐渐形成的。它是由尺度、纵深、形状、色彩等构成的物理空间，也是由个体的知觉、记忆、思维所建立的心理空间。本文所论述的“生活空间”包含人、行为和环境之间的交互，即：环境由于人的行为介入，成为文化心理、审美、情感等因素之间发生动态关系的场所。在宋代，一种反映文化心理的“审美人格”贯穿于文人阶层的生活空间中。这种“审美人格”可以概括为“以审美的态度生活”。它打破了艺术与日常生活的界限，成为个体对生活、时间与空间的感知方式。今天，它作为富有活力的当代性文化意象，影响着我们当下的生活空间，并成为宋代文人审美人格在当代中国的价值体现。那么，他们是如何将哲学的思辨性与艺术的抽象性投射于生活空间？由此而形成的生活空间如何以物化的形式呈现当时知识分子的自我身份认同以及精神信仰？同时它又如何反向强化文化与审美对于个体的人格建构的？由此，本文以历史对文人生活的记录为文本研究参照。这些记录包含了建筑、园林、绘画和器物等图像视觉资料，以及关于文人个体与群体生活的文字资料，如诗词、文章、笔记等。它们为我们提供了一种在宋代历史文化背景中对于文人群体的思维和心理的解读方式。基于对这些素材的脉络化梳理，本文将宋代生活空间按照居住、礼仪、文化交流等不同部分进行划分，选择厅堂、书斋、寝卧等生活场所，以及雅集、古琴、茶会等文化行为作为研究对象。在研究方法上，本文试图建立一个开放的多学科框架，分别从环境构成、行为—空间、文化心理等视角对宋代文人居住观念与礼仪建构、自然感知与文化行为以及他们如何在生活空间中完善自我身份认同这三个方面进行解析，其目的是将空间研究聚焦于宋代文人日常生活的行为中，将宋代文人群体的文化思想状态、生活空间场景及审美意象建立起对应关系，从中展现宋代文人生活空间所呈现出的当代性价值。最终的研究成果以“境、游、观、象”作为不同的研究议题，复构出一个宋代文人群体的生活空间场景，继而对宋代文人生活空间场景中的设计学现象进行溯源，对特定历史节点的文化审美与文化行为给予客观的衡量和定义，从个体到群体的居住、礼仪、文化行为和自省中展现其中体现当代性语境的设计学价值。关键词：宋代文人生活；空间建构；文化行为；审美人格

Human being’s cognition about the space is formed gradually through observation of individuals and even the whole group on the objective world and their subjective exchange at spiritual level in the environment of long-term activities. It is a physical space composed of dimensions, depth, shapes and colors, and is also a mental space established by the individuals’ feelings, perceptions, memories and thoughts. The “life space” discussed in this paper includes the exchanges among human beings, behavior and environment. That is, the environment will become a place where the dynamic relations take place among cultural psychology, aesthetics, emotion and other factors (such as culture, psychology, aesthetics, emotion etc.) owing to the intervention of human beings. In the Song Dynasty, a kind of “aesthetic personality” reflecting the cultural group’s behavior pattern, cultural structure and spatial cognition ran through the living space of literati class. Such “aesthetic personality” can be summarized as “living with an aesthetic attitude”. It has broken the boundary between art and daily life, and becomes the individuals’ perceptive mode for life, time and space. Today, it becomes a dynamic contemporary cultural image, and affects our current life space. This kind of contemporaneity is what the aesthetic personality of the literati in the Song Dynasty could manifest in modern China. So, how did they project the critical thinking of philosophy and the abstraction of art into the life space? How did the life space formed reflect the intellectuals’ self-identity and spiritual belief at that time in a physical form? How did it reversely intensify the individuals’ personality construction with culture and aesthetics?To this end, the author takes the history of his life as a reference. These records contain visual images of architecture, gardens, paintings and objects, as well as written information about the individual and group lives of literati, such as poems, articles, notes, etc. They provide us with a way to interpret the thought and psychology of literati group in the historical and cultural background of Song Dynasty. Through the research and analysis of these materials, according to the different parts of living space in Song Dynasty, such as residence, etiquette, cultural exchange, this article highlights the life places like hall, study, bedroom, as well as the cultural behaviors such as literati gathering, playing Chinese zither, and tea party. In terms of research methods, this paper attempts to establish an open multidisciplinary framework to analyze the concept of the literati in the Song Dynasty and the construction of the etiquette, the natural and the cultural behavior, and self-identity perfection in the living space from the perspective of environmental composition, behavior-space, cultural psychology. The final research result is to re-build a living space scene of the literati class in the Song Dynasty through “Living, Behaviour, Introspection and Aesthetic”. This paper centers on tracing the origin of the design science in the living space of the literati in Song Dynasty, and gives an objective measure and definition to the cultural aesthetic and cultural behavior of the specific historical turning point. On the other hand, this paper focuses on the behavior of the daily life of the literati in the Song Dynasty, and establishes the corresponding relationship among the cultural and ideological state of the literati group, the scene of the living space and the aesthetic image so as to better reflect the value of design from the residence, etiquette, cultural behavior and introspection of individuals and groups.Keywords:Life Style of Scholar-bureaucrat in the Song Dynasty; The Space Construction; Cultural Behavior; Aesthetic Personality