学校体育资源配置是学校体育发展的重大问题，也是事关学校教育质量的重要问题。本研究从新时代教育强国建设的视角，讨论学校体育资源概念，梳理我国学校体育资源配置的发展历程，通过涉及约1.8亿中小学生的数据，运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法、实地调查法、专家访谈法等方法对学校体育资源配置的人、财、物等方面进行实证研究，把握我国学校体育资源配置的现状，探究存在的问题，创新性的构建了我国学校体育资源优化配置的模式架构，并对优化配置的走向进行了判断并提出了建议与展望，以期促进我国学校体育资源配置的均衡可持续发展。研究发现：1.学校体育资源主要体现对人、财、物和事权的配置，具有独特性、复杂性、外部性和交换性特征。2.我国学校体育资源配置发展经历了摸索发展阶段（1949年前）、探索发展阶段（1949-1966）、曲折发展阶段（1966-1976）、跨越发展阶段（1977-1999）、全面发展阶段（2000-）等5个阶段。3.我国学校体育资源总体特点是：总量不足，配置不均衡；东部地区好于中西部地区，中西部地区之间差异不大；乡村和城市、城镇之间依然有差异,城市和城镇之间无显著性差异；小学和初高中学段之间差异显著，初中和高中学段之间无差异。中部地区建设稍有滞后。4.我国学校体育资源配置存在总量不足配置不均、方式单一效果不佳、机制不畅效率低下、区域失调欠缺特色等问题。5.我国学校体育资源配置问题产生的主要原因：一是现代化进程中经济发展的客观失衡；二是城镇化进程中的延时效应波动影响；三是文化传统与教育改革的滞后性效应；四是学校体育资源配置价值定位的偏差；五是学校体育资源配置治理体系未完善。6.我国学校体育资源配置政府的主导地位不会改变，学校体育资源配置发展方式将从外延扩张式转向外延拓展和内涵提高式并重的方式转变，学校体育资源配置均衡性特别是高质均衡提升将是一个较长历史过程。7.我国学校体育资源优化配置在政策制定上应当重点关注：一是对接国家战略，实现学校体育资源优化配置的新突破；二是明确主体责任，形成学校体育资源优化配置的新合力；三是完善评价体系，激发学校体育资源优化配置的新动力；四是优化治理结构，构建学校体育资源优化配置的新路径；五是创新发展理念，研究学校体育资源优化配置的新规律。

The allocation of school physical education resources is a major issue in the development of school physical education, as well as an important issue related to the quality of school education. From the perspective of building a powerful country in education in the new era, this study discussed the concept of school sports resources, sorted out the development process of school sports resources allocation in China. Through the data involving about 180 million primary and secondary school students, the author used the methods of documentation, questionnaire, logical analysis, field survey, expert interview and other methods to realize the human, financial and material aspects of school sports resources allocation. Through empirical research, we grasp the current situation of the allocation of school sports resources in China, explore the existing problems, innovatively construct the model structure of the optimal allocation of school sports resources in China, and judge the trend of the optimal allocation, and put forward suggestions and prospects in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development of the allocation of school sports resources in China.The findings are as follows: 1. School sports resources are mainly embodied in the allocation of human, financial, material and power, which have the characteristics of uniqueness, complexity, externality and exchange. 2. The development of school sports resources allocation in China has experienced five stages: exploratory development stage (before 1949), exploratory development stage (1949-1966), tortuous development stage (1966-1976), leapfrog development stage (1977-1999), and comprehensive development stage (2000-). 3. The general characteristics of school sports resources in China are: insufficient total amount and unbalanced allocation; the eastern region is better than the central and Western regions, and there is little difference between the central and Western regions; there are still differences between villages, cities and towns, and there is no significant difference between cities and towns; there are significant differences between primary schools and junior and senior middle schools, and there is no difference between junior and senior middle schools. Construction in the central region lags behind a little. 4. There are some problems in the allocation of school sports resources in China, such as insufficient allocation of total amount, poor single effect, inefficient mechanism and lack of characteristics of regional imbalance. 5. The main reasons for the allocation of school sports resources in China are: first, the objective imbalance of economic development in the process of modernization; second, the fluctuation of the delay effect in the process of urbanization; third, the lagging effect of cultural tradition and educational reform; fourth, the deviation of the value orientation of school sports resources allocation; fifth, the imperfect governance system of school sports resources allocation. 6. The dominant position of the government in the allocation of school sports resources in China will not change. The development mode of the allocation of school sports resources will change from the extension expansion mode to the emphasis on both extension and connotation enhancement mode. The balanced allocation of school sports resources, especially the balanced promotion of high quality, will be a long historical process. 7. In policy-making, we should pay more attention to the optimum allocation of school sports resources in China: first, docking the national strategy to achieve a new breakthrough in optimizing the allocation of school sports resources; second, clarifying the main responsibility to form a new synergy in optimizing the allocation of school sports resources; third, improving the evaluation system to stimulate a new impetus for optimizing the allocation of school sports resources; fourth, optimizing the governance structure and Constructing Science Fifthly, we should innovate the concept of development and study the new law of optimizing the allocation of school sports resources.