本文以蒙医温针疗法为对象，引入“传统的发明”理论来探讨蒙医温针疗法的发展史。从蒙医温针发展的历史分期及其影响因素中找到现代蒙医温针“被发明”的过程以及推动蒙医温针“被发明”的原因。蒙医温针疗法是蒙医传统疗法灸疗法和针刺疗法结合的一种外治疗法，它有针刺和温灸双重作用。蒙医温针作为一种外治疗法有数百年传承，但是并没有统一的名称。20世纪50年代以后，获得政策支持的内蒙古医生在总结临床经验并发展科研的基础上提出新名词——蒙医温针。蒙医温针在2008年入选非物质文化遗产名录，目前蒙医温针与现代医疗技术结合，已成为内蒙古地区一种重要的民族特色疗法。20世纪50年代以前是蒙医温针疗法的积累期，这一时期蒙医药的发展为蒙医温针的“追溯性发明”提供了条件。蒙医药的发展与游牧民族的生产活动、生活习惯、民族融合以及政治环境有着密切的关系。20世纪50年代至20世纪末是蒙医温针疗法发展的形成期，这一时期蒙医温针的“被发明的传统疗法身份”已经确立。“被发明”的蒙医温针疗法是在蒙医药发展中遇到的冲突中产生的，其中包括蒙医药的复权与西医相互碰撞的冲突；新的政治角色（中国少数民族自治区之一——内蒙古自治区）与原有政治角色的冲突；曼巴扎仓形式的医学共同体被解构与新的医疗体制建立的冲突；传统疗法的经验性与患者对治病观念转变的冲突。21世纪至今是蒙医温针疗法发展的繁荣期，这一时期蒙医温针疗法作为“被发明的传统疗法”而普遍使用。21世纪后蒙医温针疗法也在逐渐的实现标准化和规范化，但是在实现标准化的同时也是对其民族性的一种丢失。所以不同的蒙医药工作者对标准化问题有不同的看法。本文主要研究方法是文献法和访谈法。通过梳理蒙医温针发展史，分析蒙医温针发展的分期，讨论影响蒙医温针发展的因素。希望可以在丰富科学史学科的研究内容同时给其他传统疗法的发展提供参考依据。
The following study focuses on the Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture and introduces the " The Invention of Tradition " theory to explore the development of Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture. From the historical staging of the development of Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture and its influencing factors, we found the process of "inventing" the modern Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture and the reason why the Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture was "invented". Mongolian medicine warm needle therapy is an external treatment method combining traditional Mongolian medicine moxibustion therapy and acupuncture therapy. It has the dual functions of acupuncture and warm moxibustion. Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture have been passed down for centuries as a treatment, but there is no uniform name. After the 1950s, Inner Mongolia doctors who received policy support put forward a new term on the basis of summarizing clinical experience and developing scientific research. In 2008, Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture entered the "Intangible Cultural Heritage List". At present, Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture combined with modern medical technology has become an important national characteristic therapy in Inner Mongolia.The time before 1950s can be defined as the accumulation period of Mongolian medicine warm needle therapy. During this period, the development of Mongolian medicine provided the conditions for the "retrospective invention" of Mongolian medicine warm needle. The development of Mongolian medicine has a close relationship to the nomadic people's production and life, living habits, national integration and political environment. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century the formation period of the development of Mongolian medical warm-needle therapy happened. In this period, the "invented traditional therapeutic identity" of Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture has been established. The “invented” Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture therapy was produced in the conflicts encountered in the development of Mongolian medicine. Since the 21st century, it has been a prosperous period for the development of Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture. During this time, Mongolian medical warm-needle therapy was widely used as the "invented traditional healing technique". After the 21st century, Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture therapy is gradually standardizing, but at the same time it is a loss of nationality. Therefore, different Mongolian medical workers have different views on standardization issues.In the following study the literature method and the interview method are the used as a main research method. A combination of the historical development of Mongolian warm needle medicine, analyzing the staging of the development of warm needles in Mongolian medicine and discussing the factors affecting the development of warm needles in Mongolian medicine is applied in the present work. I hope that we can provide a reference for the development of other traditional therapies while enriching the research content of the history of science.
