城市轨道交通列车开行方案作为城市轨道交通运营商运营组织规划的核心内容和重要结果，是其组织行车和其他生产经营活动的基础前提和根本依据。列车开行方案中运力配置与实际客流需求的匹配程度一方面决定运营商的服务水平，同时影响其运营成本。本文以多目标为基础，站在运营商的角度，对城市轨道交通列车开行方案的优化进行了研究，主要研究内容如下：（1）对城市轨道交通运营组织规划的内容和要素及步骤进行分析，一是从客流的时间分布、客流的空间分布、客流的起讫分布、客运流向分布四个方面分析客流特征，得出城市轨道交通客流具有矢量性和动态不均衡性。二是从运营设备系统能力、车站设计运输能力、线路设计通过能力三个方面分析城市轨道交通系统能力要素，确定了车辆选型、信号系统、车站客流流线节点通过能力、线路通过能力、折返能力、最小发车间隔等列车运行技术特征和边界条件对研究问题的约束。三是分析车辆编组设计、运行交路设计、列车停站设计等运力配置策略的优缺点及其对研究问题的影响。（2）研究列车开行方案优化模型的优化目标及其定量方法，一是定量分析乘客的一次出行及其时间成本，二是定量分析不同运力配置策略对运输成本的影响。在充分考虑了城市轨道交通运营商数据可采集和算法可操作前提下，提出了总乘客等待时间最小和运用车组实载率最优的优化目标。（3）提出了动态客流需求近似和列车时刻递推两项关键假设，在此基础上，以总乘客等待时间最小和运用车组实载冗余度最小为目标，以各研究时段列车间隔为决策变量，以最小追踪间隔等列车运行特征和运力配置满足运量需求为约束条件，建立了基于多目标的列车开行方案优化模型。（4）以北京地铁昌平线为实际案例，采集该线路实际运营数据，对模型进行了验证求解，结果表明优化模型可有效提升运营商服务水平和车辆运用效率，为城市轨道交通运营商运营组织规划和列车开行方案的优化工作提供了思路和方法。
As the core content and important result of the operation organization planning, the urban rail transit train operation plan is the basic premise and fundamental basis for the urban rail transit operators to organize driving and other production and operation activities. The matching between the capacity allocation and the actual passenger flow demand in the train operation plan determines the service level of the operator and affects its operating costs. Based on multi-objectives, this paper studies the optimization of urban rail transit trains from the perspective of operators. The main research contents are as follows:(1) Analyze the content, elements and steps of urban rail transit operation organization planning. Firstly, analyze the passenger flow characteristics from the four aspects of passenger flow time distribution, passenger flow spatial distribution, passenger flow origination and destination distribution and passenger flow direction distribution. Urban rail transit passenger flow has the characteristics of vector and dynamic imbalance. The second is to analyze the urban rail transit system capability elements from three aspects: operating equipment system capability, station design transport capacity, and route design passing capacity. The vehicle selection, signal system, station passenger flow stream node passing ability, line passing ability, and reentry are determined. The technical characteristics and boundary conditions of train operation such as capacity and minimum departure interval are constrained by research problems. The third is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the vehicle allocation design, the operation of the road design, the train stop design and other capacity allocation strategies and their impact on the research problems.(2) Study the optimization objectives and quantitative methods of the train operation plan optimization model. First, quantitatively analyze passengers' travel and time cost, and secondly quantitatively analyze the impact of different capacity allocation strategies on transportation costs. Under the premise of fully considering the data collection and algorithm of urban rail transit operators, the optimization goal of minimum passenger waiting time and optimal utilization rate of the vehicle group is proposed.(3) Two key assumptions of dynamic passenger demand approximation and train time recursion are proposed. On this basis, the minimum passenger waiting time and the minimum load redundancy of the applied vehicle are the targets. Decision-making variables, based on the minimum tracking interval and other train operation characteristics and capacity allocation to meet the traffic demand constraints, a multi-objective cooperative optimization model for train operation scheme was established.(4) Taking the Beijing Changping Line as a practical case, the actual operation data of the line was collected to verify the model. The results show that the optimization model can effectively improve the service level of operators and the efficiency of vehicle operation, and plan for the operation of urban rail transit operators. And the optimization of the train operation plan provides ideas and methods.
