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世界遗产框架下的滇缅公路遗产价值研究

Heritage Value Study of the Burma Road under the World Heritage Framework

作者:李乐琳
  • 学号
    2016******
  • 学位
    硕士
  • 电子邮箱
    ll.******com
  • 答辩日期
    2019.05.30
  • 导师
    吕舟
  • 学科名
    建筑学
  • 页码
    151
  • 保密级别
    公开
  • 培养单位
    000 建筑学院
  • 中文关键词
    文化遗产,滇缅公路,世界遗产框架,公路遗产,遗产价值
  • 英文关键词
    Cultural Heritage, Burma Road, World Heritage Framework, Modern Road Heritage, Heritage Value

摘要

滇缅公路诞生于第二次世界大战前夕、中国抗日战争爆发之际,由数十万民众倾力建成,肩负着运送物资的救国重任,也见证了抗日战争及二战中的许多重要事件。如今,这条公路已经完成了它的完成了它历史使命,也有了铁路、高速公路等新型交通线路接替了它连通地方的工作,但是作为一条彪炳史册的历史公路,它对当下社会意义和价值并不止于它的运输功能。本文以“世界遗产框架下的滇缅公路遗产价值研究”为题,用世界遗产框架下的遗产价值体系及研究方法探讨滇缅公路的遗产价值。 滇缅公路是一项复杂的遗产,它具有公路的性质,又是以第二次世界大战为背景,这使它不仅具有交通线路型遗产的在技术成就及影响社会文化经济的特点,也有着对二战事件的见证和传递普世价值的意义。本文认为,滇缅公路最核心的价值还是在于它与第二次世界大战这一人类历史中重大事件的密切关系,特别是对当中的事件和人类精神的体现。滇缅公路对第二次世界大战中的中国战区和中缅印战区的战局都发挥了重要的影响,既是支持中国战区的最重要的后方补给线,也是中缅印战区中双方军队的主要通道和战场。滇缅公路同时见证了前方士兵和后方民众在那段极黑暗和困难时期中为反抗侵略、救亡图存的英勇而悲壮的奋斗;既展现了前方战场上中国远征军的顽强抗争和反法西斯同盟国并肩作战的友谊,也见证了后方的数十万各族民众及海外华人的无私付出和牺牲,甚至在这个过程中还极大地促进了民族交流和社会经济发展,强烈地反映了人类的反侵略精神和意志,向世人传达出和平的普世价值。另外,单就公路修筑技术而言,滇缅公路的修筑难度和速度也都有着突出的特点,可谓是公路修筑史上的奇迹,反映了人类在极端条件下的惊人的建造能力甚至精神力量。因此,本文认为滇缅公路能够符合世界遗产突出普遍价值中的标准iv以及标准vi。本文还对滇缅公路价值载体的各项构成进行了保存状况的勘察,并滇缅公路整体的真实性和完整性评估, 认为滇缅公路总体还是能够向世人较好地呈现这段二战历史。滇缅公路的确具有着突出的价值,也有作为文化遗产向世人传递突出普遍价值和信息的巨大潜力。然而,对滇缅公路进行完整的保护和规划是目前的当务之急,需要被给予高度重视。对滇缅公路价值的进一步研究也能推动

The Burma Road was born at the beggining of the Second Sino-Japanese War and just before the Second World War. Contructed by tens of thousands of people under extreme conditions, the Burma Road bore the mission to deliver supplies to maintain China’s vitality against the Japanese, and has witnessed some important events of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Second World War. Nowadays, the road has completed its mission, and its function is gradually replaced by railways and highways. However, as road of legend, its significance towards the current world is not only limited to its transportation function.With the title of Heritage Value Study of the Burma Road under the World Heritage Framework, this paper aims to discuss the heritage value of the Burma Road using the World Heritage value study methods. The Burma Road is a complicated cultural heritage, with the nature of a road but the background of WWII, as a result, the road possesses both the technical achievement and social-economic influence of a road, as well as the testimony of WWII and the expression of universal values. This paper argues that the core heritage value of the Burma Road lies in its connection with WWII, especially in its testimony of the important events and the spirits of the people.The Burma Roads has played a crucial role in the China Theatre and the China Burma Indian Theatre, it was China’s supply route of the utmost importance, and the major marching route and battbleground for the armies of both Japanese and the Allies in the China Burma Indian Theatre. It is the testimony to the herotic yet tragic struggle of both the battlefront soliders and the civilians at the rear, demonstrating the great spirit and determination of people when facing against invasion and war, and therefore delivering the strong message of peace. Meanwhile, in terms of technical achievement, the Burma Road is also outstanding in its construction difficulties of no mechanical help and complicated geographical conditions, yet completed in an astonishing speed, making it a miracle in the road contruction history. It is the proof of the construction ability and spirit force of human under extreme conditons. Thence, this paper argues that the Burma Road can meet criteria iv and criteria vi under the World Heritage Outstanding Universal Values.The paper also looks at the conservation status of the constitutive elements of Burma Road, and assessed its overall authenticity and interigty. The current status of the constitutive elements is fair, there is almost no trace left of the road’s historic pavings and affiliated facilities, but the general route is still tracable, sites along the road related to the battles are still in shape, and the environment and spirit of place along the road also remains. Generally, the current conservation condition of the Burma road still can demonstrate its history and deliver its messages.Indeed, Burma Road has outstanding value and has a great potential to deliver outstanding universal value to the world as a cultural heritage. However, what is urgent and of top priority currently is its proper protection. The study into the value of Burma road also promotes the in-depth discussion and research on the values of modern road heritage and war heritage in international heritage conservation field.