随着互联网技术的不断发展，原本受制于地理距离的同人社群，逐渐有了公开且广泛的传播途径，能与素不相识的同好交流讨论，获得属于粉丝读者和同人作者的双重审美价值。现代意义上的同人作品起源于美国和日本，并逐渐发展成本国文化产业的一部分。我国的同人文化随着影视、动漫、游戏产业的发展方兴未艾，法律和司法实践中都缺乏对同人作品的定义、特征和分类等内容的明确规定，再加上同人作品具有知识产权的先天不足，所以一直处于该领域的灰色地带，并随着该产业的商业化发展而与原作者、原权利人发生冲突。同人作品的固有特征也是它区别于其他作品类型的要件。由其对原作的依托性和自身的独创性，以及非营利性的目的，其法律性质也很难归为一般的演绎作品。同人作品形式丰富，且根据作品元素使用情况分类，可以得到与原著的相关性，从而判断其侵权风险的高低。另一方面，同人作品对原著元素的使用，也具有推广宣传、提高粉丝群体粘滞度等效果，因此不能一概而论地用知识产权加以抑制，而应该在纠纷中对双方的权利边界进行一定的划分。具体而言，同人作品在中国法上会遇到的著作权、商标权的挑战，并会落入不正当竞争的调整范围。作品元素作为比单纯的文字表达更抽象、比凝练的文义思想更具体的存在，首先要通过“思想-表达”二分法的检验。随后是著作权具体权项的约束，有可能侵犯改编权等财产权利和保护作品完整权等精神权利。著作权法同时提供了合理使用的救济。商标领域主要集中在“商品化权”的概念上，除此之外，当新兴的纠纷形式出现，其他法律不能容纳时，还会转向反不正当竞争法，对新类型进行原则性的规制。结合现有的两种同人平台的行业自律和运营实践，分析非营利性的CC协议和营利性的许可条款同人的不同规则和存在的问题，并基于此提出权利边界划分的前提和可行的解决办法。
With the development of Internet Technology, fan groups which used to be restricted by the geographical distance have got open and extensive transmission route. They can communicate with strangers and get the dual aesthetic for both fan readers and fan authors. Fan culture in China is in the ascendant as the industry of television, animation and game grows fast. Legislation and jurisdiction authorities haven’t come to an explicit definition of fan fiction, as well as its features and categories. In addition, fan fiction works have congenital shortage of intellectual property rights. The commercial development of this industry may conflict with the original copyrights.The inherent characteristics of fan fiction works are also important elements that distinguish them from other works. They can hardly be classified as derivative works because of the reliance on the original work, the originality and non-profit purposes. Fan fiction works appropriate elements from the original works, which decide the level of infringement risk. On the other hand, fan fiction works can also help promote publicity and improve the viscosity of fan groups. Therefore, intellectual property rights cannot be arbitrarily used to suppress fan fiction works.Specifically, fan fiction works will be challenged by copyright and trademark rights in Chinese law, and sometimes fall into the scope of unfair competition. Elements from original works should be checked by the "Idea-Expression" dichotomy test at first. then it comes to specific copyright items for the authors and right relief such as fair use for the users. In trademark field, this topic mainly concentrates on the concept of "merchandising right". When the emerging forms of disputes appear and other laws cannot accommodate them, we will turn to the anti-unfair competition law to regulate the new types in principle.Combining with the practice of industry self-discipline and operation of the two existing peer platforms, this paper analyzes the different rules and problems of the non-profit CC agreement as well as the profit-making licensing clause, putting forward the feasible solutions for the demarcation of the right boundary.
