为有效缓解两委矛盾，我国实施了村两委“一肩挑”制度，这一源起1998年一直延续到现在的制度实施效果如何？面对前辈们支持和反对“一肩挑”制度的两种鲜明观点到底该何去何从？本论文在前辈的研究和争论的基础上，结合乡镇工作实际，将“一肩挑”制度实施效果具体化为班子团结度、决策民主度和治理绩效三个指标进行评估，对该制度的实施效果得出一个较为清晰明确的评价，力争能为农村换届选举工作中有效合理配备村两委班子提供可借鉴性建议。本文主要应用了调查问卷法、深入访谈法、对比分析法，设计村民和村两委成员两类问卷，根据侧重点不同分别获取班子团结度、决策民主度、治理绩效的测量数据，进行分析比较“一肩挑”不同情况下以上三组变量的不同变化。同时选取了村庄资源、两委班子成员组成类似但是“一肩挑”情况不同的村进行横向比较分析，对发生非“一肩挑”向“一肩挑”变化的村在时间跨度上进行纵向比较，从而完成在数据分析基础上的进一步验证。通过调查研究发现，“一肩挑”制度并不能增加班子团结度，会降低决策民主度，但影响比较小，可以提高治理绩效。并且在研究中发现，“一肩挑”制度本身的效果不是解决村两委矛盾、提高决策民主度和治理绩效的关键因素，而是在“一肩挑”制度下选举出的村两委成员，尤其是村党支部书记兼村委会主任的个人能力和威信影响到了班子是否能够团结合作、提高决策民主度和增进村庄治理绩效。根据调查研究结果，本论文给出了如下意见建议：要因村施策，尊重“市场”规则，不能强制要求实现“一肩挑”比例；要强化培训，增强村干部履职能力；要未雨绸缪，做好后备干部培养；要精益求精，进一步完善监督机制，保证群众的民主权利。本论文尝试性的将“一肩挑”实施效果细化为班子团结度、决策民主度和治理绩效三个指标来进行评估，通过问卷获取数据后的定量分析和深入访谈的定性分析两个角度，对“一肩挑”制度实施效果进行了较为系统明确地研究，探索了一种新的研究视角。希望自己的研究成果能在接下来的2021年农村换届中提供一定的指导性建议，为农村配备更加合理高效的两委班子贡献一些可参考意见。

In order to effectively alleviate the contradiction between the two committees, China has implemented the "Yijian Tiao" system of the village two committees. How effective is the implementation of the " Yijian Tiao " system, which originated in 1998 and continues to the present? In the face of the two distinct views of the predecessors who support and oppose the " Yijian Tiao " system, what exactly should we do? Based on the research and debate of the predecessors and the reality of township work, this paper concretely evaluates the implementation effect of the " Yijian Tiao " system into three indicators: team solidarity, decision-making democracy and governance performance, and strives to get a clear and definite evaluation of the implementation effect of the system, so as to guide the effective and rational allocation of village teams in rural elections.This paper mainly uses questionnaire method, in-depth interview method, comparative analysis method, designs two types of questionnaires for villagers and members of the two committees of the village. According to different emphases, it obtains the measurement data of team solidarity, decision-making democracy and governance performance respectively, and analyses and compares the different changes of the above three groups of variables under different situations of " p Yijian Tiao ". At the same time, the village resources and members of the two committees are selected to make a horizontal comparative analysis of villages with similar but different " Yijian Tiao " situation, and the villages with non- " Yijian Tiao " to " Yijian Tiao " changes are compared longitudinally in time span, so as to complete the further verification based on data analysis. Through investigation and research, it is found that " Yijian Tiao " system can not increase team unity, but can reduce decision-making democracy, but the impact is relatively small, and can improve governance performance. It is also found that the effect of the " Yijian Tiao " system itself is not the key factor to solve the contradiction between the two committees, improve decision-making democracy and governance performance, but the personal ability and prestige of the elected members of the two committees under the " Yijian Tiao " system, especially the Secretary of the village Party branch and the director of the village committee, affect the ability to unite and cooperate, improve decision-making democracy and governance performance. Improve village governance performance.According to the results of the investigation, the following suggestions are given in this paper: to implement the policy according to the village and respect the market rules, we should not force the implementation of the " Yijian Tiao " ratio; to strengthen training and enhance the ability of village cadres to perform their duties; to prepare for rains and do a good job in training reserve cadres; to strive for perfection, further improve the supervision mechanism, and ensure the democratic power of the masses.This paper attempts to refine the implementation effect of " Yijian Tiao " system into three indicators: team solidarity, decision-making democracy and governance performance. After quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews, this paper makes a systematic and clear study on the implementation effect of " Yijian Tiao " system and explores a new research perspective. I hope that my research can provide some guidance for the next Township re-election in 2020, and contribute some suggestions for the more rational and efficient two committees team in rural areas.