20 世纪 80 年代以来，中国不断推进基层民主实践，在基层实现了村民自治，逐步形成了“乡政村治”的镇（乡）村关系体系。但是随着经济社会不断发展，乡镇在当前的镇（乡）村关系体系中占了绝对主导的地位。本文通过访谈法、调研法等方式，对山东省Y县进行镇（乡）村关系现状及影响因素进行调研，深入分析乡镇在镇（乡）村关系中占主导地位的原因，以及乡镇对村级工作、财政、时间、优先级等不同方面因素的影响。乡镇对村级的影响是全方位的，由此导致镇（乡）村关系在博弈过程中出现了镇（乡）村资源配置严重失衡、村级行政化趋向严重、镇（乡）村关系中村级博弈方式畸形等问题。而导致出现这些问题的原因，笔者也进行了深入、实证的分析，主要有乡镇对村级考核行政化、村民自治能力不足、社会发展客观需要等问题。笔者还对镇（乡）村关系中的乡镇干部和村“两委”干部个人因素进行实证分析，在制度和宏观层面之外，乡镇干部和村“两委”干部具有部分“理性经济人”特征和个体作用发挥对镇（乡）村关系产生的影响在制度框架中是受限制和可控制。如何对现镇（乡）村关系进行调整，笔者还选取村和城市社区改革的典型“南海模式”和“上城模式”进行分析比较，同时结合山东省Y县S镇的具体政策进行政策分析，探讨出镇（乡）村关系调整中政策的影响及发展趋势。本文结合调研分析实际情况，以“协同治理”理论为框架，提出优化镇村资源配置、细化法律规定等优化协同治理经济基础、制度基础和参与基础的政策建议，也对协同治理过程中的信息公开和共享、政府职能转变、多元主体参与等不同方面、不同侧重的政策建议，尝试提出规范构建一种乡镇主导、村级自治、社会参与、协同共治的镇（乡）村关系模式。

Since the 1980s, China has continuously promoted grassroots democratic practices, realized villager autonomy at the grassroots level, and gradually formed a township- village relationship system.However, with the continuous development of the economy and society, towns and villages have taken an absolute leading position in the current township - village relationship system.This paper investigates the status quo and influencing factors of township-villages in Y County of Shandong Province through interviews and research methods, and deeply analyzes the reasons why townships dominate the relationship between towns (townships) and villages. The impact of different aspects of work, finance, time, priority, etc.The impact of townships and villages on the village level is comprehensive. As a result, the township- village relationship has experienced serious imbalances in resource allocation in towns (township) villages, serious village-level administrative trends, and malformations in village-township villages. The author also conducted an in-depth and empirical analysis of the causes of these problems, mainly including the problems of township-to-village assessment, villager autonomy, and social development.The author also empirically analyzes the personal factors of township cadres and village “two committees” in the relationship between townships and villages. In addition to the institutional and macro level, township cadres and village “two committees” cadres have some “rational economic people”. The influence of characteristics and individual roles on the relationship between towns (townships) and villages is limited and controllable in the institutional framework.How to adjust the relationship between the towns (townships) and villages, the author also selects the typical “South China Sea Model” and “Upper City Model” for village and urban community reform, and analyzes and compares the specific policies of S Town in Y County of Shandong Province. To explore the impact and development trends of policies in the adjustment of township (township) villages. This paper combines the investigation and analysis of the actual situation, and takes the "collaborative governance" theory as the framework, proposes to optimize the allocation of township resources, refine the legal provisions, and optimize the economic basis, institutional basis and participation basis of collaborative management, and also disclose information in the process of collaborative governance. Sharing, government function transformation, multi-subject participation, and other different aspects of policy recommendations, try to put forward a standard township (township) village relationship model that is township-led, village-level autonomy, social participation, and coordinated governance.