创意产业是全球化背景下，步入后工业化的国家及城市在产业结构转型、消费升级过程中兴起的一项新经济。对创意产业的重视首先始于20世纪90年代末的欧洲和北美，后延伸至亚太地区。2002年，中国在国家层面上，于十六大报告中正式提出对“文化产业”的重视并颁布相关政策。城市层面上，以北京、上海为代表，结合“文化”与“创意”，提出“文化创意产业”（后文简称文创产业）概念和分类，强调其对就业、经济和空间更新的促进作用。本文从城市规划角度，以北京市为例，重点研究文创产业的空间特征。从北京市总体空间层面和政府划定的文创产业功能区层面，基于多源数据分析，尝试讨论2方面的问题：1、北京文创产业的空间分布及其在连续年内的演变特征是什么？2、影响北京文创产业空间分布的相关因素有哪些？本文主要结论为：1、北京文创产业以中心城区为核心，在二环到四环内高度集聚与更替。2006年-2017年，文创产业在中心城区内持续集聚并沿主要交通线向近郊就业中心拓展。2、基于文献综述，可将影响文创产业空间分布因素归纳为“产业因素——硬件因素——软件因素”。基于此三方面因素，分析北京文创产业空间分布特征、文创企业选址意愿，以及影响文创产业从业人员空间集聚的相关因素。结果表明，文创产业趋向集聚在地方化经济水平高、科技创新水平高、资源集中、交通等基础设施完善的地区，但不同类别文创产业有着相对差异化的空间选择，存在细致区别。3、对文创产业功能区研究表明，功能区整体规模经济效应显著，但主要集中在两个长期发展形成的功能区。各功能区不仅在经济发展上不均衡，其内部文创企业的集聚水平也有显著差异。总体上，划定功能区的空间战略意图不明晰，对文创产业的持续吸引能力有限。对3个典型功能区的进一步研究表明，文创产业趋于在商业金融、教育科研及混合用地上集中，也在居住用地上有所分布。随功能区的不断发展，批发和零售业占比下降，租赁和商务服务业、科学研究和技术服务业占比上升。基于上述研究及案例分析，本文尝试对北京市文创产业的空间布局提出引导建议：1. 遵循文创产业空间分布及演变规律，因势利导引导其集聚发展；2. 谨慎划定文创产业政策区；3. 确立针对特定地区文创产业发展的保护举措。
‘Creative industries’ is a new economy emerging in ‘post-industrial’ nations and cities during the process of industrial transformation and consumption structure upgrade in the context of ‘Globalization’. The attention on creative industries was initiated in Europe and North America in the late 1990s and then has been introduced to the Asia-Pacific region. At the national level, China put forward the concept ‘culture industries’ as well as relevant policies in the Report of the 16th CPC national congress in 2002. At the local level, cities like Beijing and Shanghai have put forward the concept ‘Culture and Creative Industries (CCIs)’ and its categories, which combine ‘culture’ and ‘creative’ at the same time. These local governments emphasis the effects of CCIs in promoting employment, prospering economy as well as facilitating urban renewal. From the perspective of urban planning and taking Beijing as an examle, this thesis focuses on the spatial characteristics of CCIs. From overall space of Beijing and policy zones, this thesis attempts to discuss two issues by using multi-sources datas. The two issues are, 1. What is the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of CCIs? 2. What are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution and evolution of CCIs?The main conclusions: 1. Beijing’s CCIs tend to agglomerate within the central area of Being and highly concentrated as well as fast changing between the Second and the Fourth Ring Road. From the year 2006 to 2017, the spatial evolution of CCIs is manifested in continuous agglomeration within the central urban area as well as diffusion along the main traffic lines towards the suburban industrial centers. 2. The factors influence the spatial allocation and evolution of CCIs could be summarized as "Industries factors——hardware factors——software factors" through literature review. Based on this “factors” framework and analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of Beijing CCIs, the site choice of cultural and creative enterprises, as well as related factors affecting the spatial agglomeration of cultural and creative employees, the research results indicate that the CCIs of Beijing tend to allocate in areas with distinct features, such as high level of local economic as well as scientific and technological innovation, concentrated resources, adequate traffic and other infrastructures. Besides, there are detailed differences of location tendency among different categories of CCIs. 3. The research on the CCIs’ policy preferential zones indicates that the scale economy of these zones is remarkable while is narrowly concentrated within two well developed functional zones which are both formed through long period. The unbalanced development among these zones are not only distinct in economic growth, but in CCIs’ agglomeration level as well. Evaluation on the CCIs’ policy preferential zones shows that the spstial strategic intent of local government to these zones is not clear, and the lasting attraction to culture and creative enterprises of functional zones is limited. From the study on 3 typical functional zones, it could be recognized that the CCIs tend to allocating in commercial & finance, education & scientific research, mixed-use land as well as surrounding residential land of the land mentioned above in the course of developing. It could also be found that the proportion of wholesale and retail is decreasing while the rental and business services, scientific research and technology services are rising in the developing process. Based on the above research and case analysis, this thesis attempts to put forward proposals towards the spatial layout of Beijing's CCIs as: 1. Guiding the agglomeration of CCIs by following its spatial distributing and evoluting logic. 2. Making a prudent decision on the plan of CCIs’ policy preferential zones. 3. Protecting special CCIs concentrated districts through preferential policy.
