人民政协是我国政治生活中发扬社会主义民主的重要形式。自诞生之日起，人民政协通过协商、监督、参与、合作等形式，发挥自身的职能优势，为国家的各项建设作出了应有的贡献。随着我国经济社会的发展，多元化的社会格局正逐渐形成，民主化进程离不开人民政协的参与。中共十八大报告和十九大报告分别对社会主义协商民主作出重要阐述和重要部署，对于人民政协的作为社会主义协商民主的重要渠道和专门协商机构的职能定位提出了新的要求。界别作为人民政协区别于其他政治组织的重要特征，具有其独特的优势。作为人民政协协商民主的形式之一，界别协商在近些年实践中一直处于探索和发展阶段，但是并无系统性的制度和规范。本文基于社会主义协商民主理论，从全国政协和地方政协对于界别协商的探索和实践出发，总结现有的工作模式和经验，在实践中也存在着开放性不够、形式重于实质、组织机构不健全、行之有效的制度未建立、程序存在缺失等诸多不足，分析界别及界别协商在社会主义协商民主建设中的性质定位，以期能从界别设置的调整、组织建设、程序设计以及保障措施等多个方面，探讨完善人民政协界别协商可能的路径。
The CPPCC is an important form of promoting socialist democracy in our political life.Since the day of its birth, the CPPCC has used its forms of consultation, supervision, participation, and cooperation to give full play to its own functional advantages and made due contributions to the nation’s various constructions. As China’s economy and society develop, a diversified social structure gradually takes shape. The reports at CCP’s 18th and 19th Congress elaborated on and made arrangements for socialist consultative democracy, which raise new demands for the functional positioning of CPPCC noting its role as an important channel and a specific consultation organ in the socialist consultative democracy. As an important feature of the CPPCC that is different from other political organizations, the sector has its unique advantages. As one of the forms of deliberative democracy of the CPPCC, the sector consultation has been in the exploration and development stage in practice in recent years, but there is no systematic mechanism and norm. Based on the theory of socialist deliberative democracy, this paper starts from the exploration and practice of the National Committee of the CPPCC and the local CPPCC on sectoral consultation. This paper also summarizes the current working models and experiences, which in practice, are not open enough and also have many shortcomings, such as, the form is more important than the substance, the organization is not well structured, the effective mechanism has not been established, and the procedure is incomplete. This paper analyses the nature of the sector and sectoral consultation in the construction of socialist deliberative democracy, with a view to being able to improve the possible path of the consultation of the CPPCC sector by way of setting adjustments of the sectors, organizational construction, and procedure design, as well as safeguard measures and other aspects.
