本文是对川省押租制研究争议的讨论，以及未充分研究之处的补充，故为“辨正与补论”。除去引言和结论，第2、3、4章为辨正，每章辨正一个问题；第5、6章为补论，每章补充一个问题。所谓押租，是指佃农交给地主的保证金，上佃交纳，辞佃退还。所谓保证金，是指佃农欠租，或者损毁地主财产时，地主就可以从押租里扣除相应价值，少退或乃至不退押租。押租在民国时期的四川非常盛行，几乎是租佃契约里必设项。川省押租制的重要特点是押金要计算利息，地主每年以稻谷支付给佃农，在佃农每年的应缴地租中扣除，押租交得多，实交地租就会少，只要押租交得足够多，就可以少到不交租。这就是“加押减租”、“减押加租”、“重押轻租”、“轻押重租”的现象。押息的存在，赋予了押租第二层性质——依附于土地租佃的投资与融资。地主缺钱可以用加押的方式来牺牲地租，获得现金；资金宽裕者也可以以佃农身份，去承接地主要求的押租，承接之后可以自耕，也可以转佃他人。

This paper involves discussions about the disagreements in studies of the rent-deposit system in Sichuan province, and replenishments for insufficiently investigated issues, which is why it is titled “Accuracy Analysis and Replenishments”. Excluding the introduction and the conclusion, chapter 2, 3 and 4 are dedicated to accuracy analysis, and they each deal with one question; chapter 5 and 6 are the replenishments, and they raise one issue each.Rent-deposit refers to the guarantee turned over to landlords by tenant peasants. It is handed in at the beginning of tenancy and refunded when the tenancy is over. Guarantee means that when tenant peasants are behind on their rental payments, or have damaged the landlords’ properties, the landlords are then entitled to deduct the according amount from the rent-deposit, and refund only part of or even none of the refund. Rent-deposit was widely implemented in Sichuan during the Republic of China era, and was practically a requisite for all tenancy contracts.A distinct feature of the rent-deposit system in Sichuan is that interest will be calculated for the deposit. The landlords pay the tenants annually in rice, and deduct the according amount from the tenants’ yearly due amount of land rentals; the more rent-deposits they pay, the less the actual rentals will be. If the amount of rent-deposit can be so large that no rentals need to be paid. This summarizes the phenomena of “more deposit, less rent” and “less deposit, more rent”. Due to the existence of interest, rent-deposit has another characteristic—dependence on the investment and financing of land tenancy. When landlords are in short of money, they can raise the deposit so as to obtain cash at the cost of rentals; those with sufficient funds can take the tenancy from the landlords and then plough the lands themselves or sublet the tenancy to others.