文化遗产是全人类的宝贵财富，对文化遗产的保护是国内外相关学者一直致力于的研究方向。壁画类文化遗产作为文化遗产的重要类型之一，具有悠久的历史和极高的艺术价值，然而却遭受着因自然因素和人为因素形成的各种病害的侵蚀。尽管已有较为成熟的物理修复手段可以延缓和预防病害的发生，但该方法仍存在难度大、周期长、成本高等问题，并且无法复原已经破坏的壁画的原貌。新兴的文化遗产数字化理论与方法，可以在数字化领域对壁画类文化遗产进行保护和复原，是文化遗产得以“再生”和“永生”的重要途径。本文立足于壁画类文化遗产的数字化复原，以敦煌莫高窟壁画作为典型案例，探究壁画数字化复原的相关理论与方法。本文从信息艺术设计交叉学科的角度出发，综合设计学、计算机科学、物理化学、考古学等多学科领域知识，运用文献调研法、实地调研法、用户访谈法、设计研究法、模拟实验法、学科交叉法等研究方法，在数字化敦煌壁画研究、壁画数字化几何复原研究、壁画数字化色彩复原研究、用户体验研究等方向，形成了独特的内容研究和理论与方法研究成果，构建了数字化敦煌壁画的多维数据集，提出了交互式壁画数字化复原系统的设计范式，并通过成果论证与设计实践验证了本文研究的科学性、可行性与创新性。具体来说，本文首先对壁画类文化遗产的数字化概念，及其数字化复原的核心理论与方法理论进行了深入的剖析和梳理，为全文打下了理论基础；随后，针对数字化敦煌壁画研究，本文提出了高分辨壁画数字化采集理论与方法、线描图数字化理论与方法、基于朝代的敦煌壁画数字化色彩研究和多维数字化敦煌壁画数据集，为全文打下了数据基础；本文将壁画的数字化复原分解为数字化几何复原和数字化色彩复原两个方向，针对壁画数字化几何复原，本文以敦煌典型破损壁画为例，提出了交互式壁画数字化几何复原理论与方法，并进行了交互式壁画几何复原软件系统的原型设计；针对壁画数字化色彩复原，本文以敦煌典型烟熏壁画为例，提出了烟熏模拟实验方法、壁画颜料物理化学分析研究、基于机器学习的壁画数字化色彩复原理论与方法，并进行了交互式壁画数字化色彩复原软件系统的原型设计；最后，针对本文的几何复原与色彩复原成果，进行了多角度的成果论证与用户体验反馈研究，同时进行了本文研究所依托的相关国家项目的实践总结。
Cultural heritage is the valuable asset of all humanity. Scholars have been studying at the preservation of cultural heritage for many years. As one of the most representable cultural heritage, murals preserve long history and high artist value. However, it has been suffering from degradations caused by natural factors and human factors. There have been some physical measures to treat and prevent the degradations, but these methods till have some shortcomings such as high difficulty, long time project and high cost. The emerging technology of digital preservation of cultural heritage can help with restoring murals in digital domain. It is an effective way to make cultural heritage ‘regenerate’ and ‘live’.This dissertation focus on the theory of mural digital restoration taking Dunhuang murals as typical case. It combines interdisciplinary techonologies of design, computer science, physics, chemistry and archeology from the aspect of information art and design. The research methods include literature review, field study, user interview, design study and interdisciplinary theories. The research contents are digital Duhuang mural study, digital geometry restoration of murals, digital color restoration of murals, and user experience study. This dissertation proposes novel theories and multidimensional data sets of digital mural restoration. It also establishes the design patterns of interactive restoration software systems. Through the validation of achievements and the design practice, this dissertation verifies the scientificity, feasibility and innovation of the research.Specifically, this dissertation first analysises the concept and core theories of digital mural cultural heritage. It lays a theoretical foundation for the whole research. Subsequently, this dissertation proposes high-resolution mural digitalizing method, line-drawing digitalizing method, dynasty based color study and multidimensional data sets of Dunhuang murals. These methods and data sets establish the data foundation for the whole research. Digital restoration of murals can be divided into two directions, which are geometry restoration and color restoration. This dissertation first proposes interactive digital geometry restoration method based on typical damaged Dunhuang murals, and conducts prototype design of the interactive geometry restoration software system. Then it takes Dunhuang smoked murals as an example for digital color restoration study. This dissertation proposes smoke simulation experiment method, physical and chemical analysis of murals, machine learning based theory for mural digital color restoration, and conducts prototype design of the interactive color restoration software system. Finally, for the achievements of geometry restoration and color restoration, this dissertation conducts validations from multiple aspects and user experience study. It also summarizes the supported national projects of this research.
