工业化是近代以降中国社会发展的重要线索，亦是近代中国思想文化史无法回避的核心论题。毛泽东作为中国工业化历史进程中继往开来、承前启后的重要人物，其工业化思想集中体现了对中国社会性质、社会矛盾、社会结构等问题的系统思考。通过对毛泽东工业化思想的探究，可以窥见中国共产党探索中国现代化道路和中国特色社会主义道路的历史渊源与曲折历程。毛泽东工业化思想的演变，不是线性发展，而是革命演进、制度变迁等多元要素交互作用的结果。在新民主主义革命胜利之际，毛泽东提出由农业国向工业国转变的初步构想，表现出追求中国经济复兴与建立社会主义国家的双重意蕴。在政治与经济双重诉求的支配下，毛泽东提前发动向社会主义的过渡，为中国工业化在思想与模式上植入了苏式基因。这一过程不仅表现为工业化制度条件的急剧调整，还伴随着强烈的思想观念变迁。苏联工业化理论对毛泽东产生了两方面影响：一方面，它为毛泽东社会主义工业化思想提供了理论依据；另一方面，它的内在弊端也严重制约了毛泽东对中国工业化道路的探索。1956年以后，毛泽东经历了从“以苏为师”到“以苏为鉴”的思想转变，试图在社会主义制度框架下对中国工业化的产业发展关系、管理体制等进行调适，在思想上形成超越苏联工业化模式的主体自觉，也造成实践中加速工业化的内在紧张。在转向独立探索中国工业化道路的过程中，毛泽东工业化思想体现出两种思想趋向：一是以政治思维高度统摄和深度介入工业建设的“革命化”倾向；二是从单纯工业化到更加具有系统性、整体性的“现代化”倾向。革命化与现代化两种思想趋向的互文性变奏，对中国工业化道路产生了深远影响。总之，毛泽东以革命化的手段为新中国工业化留下了丰富的制度遗产。通过革命带动制度变迁以实现工业化，是毛泽东工业化思想不同于传统工业化理论的重要特征。毛泽东时代中国工业化道路的探索和思考，体现出传统的农耕文明向现代的工业文明转型可能性，为落后的农业大国转变为社会主义现代化强国提供了丰富的思想资源。由于中国社会所面临的政治、经济、社会文化等多重历史任务，工业化与革命演进、制度变迁形成了错综复杂的内在联系。在此意义上可以说，毛泽东对中国工业化道路的探索和思考，是新中国现代化道路和中国特色社会主义道路的历史起点和逻辑起点。
Industrialization is both an important clue to the development of modern Chinese society and an inescapable core issue in the history of modern Chinese ideology and culture. Mao Zedong, an important figure of building on past successes to further advance our cause, focused his industrial thinking on systematic reflections on the nature of China’s society, social conflicts, social structures and etc. Through the exploration of Mao Zedong’ s industrialization ideology, it is possible to glimpse the historical origins and tortuous course of the Communist Party of China in exploring China’s modernization road and the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The evolution of Mao Zedong’ s industrialization ideology was not a linear development but a result of the interaction of multiple factors like the evolution of revolution and institutional changes. On the occasion of the victory of the new-democratic revolution, Mao Zedong proposed a preliminary concept of transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country, demonstrating the dual implication of pursuing China’s economic recovery and establishing a socialist country. Under the domination of both political and economic demands, Mao Zedong launched the transition to socialism in advance and added Soviet genes on the ideas and patterns of Chinese industrialization.This process is not only reflected as the drastic adjustment of the conditions of the industrialized system, but also accompanied by a strong change of ideas. The Soviet industrialization theory had two impacts on Mao Zedong: On the one hand, it provided a theoretical basis for Mao Zedong’ s socialist industrialization thought; on the other hand, its internal defects severely restricted Mao Zedong’ s exploration of China’s industrialization road. After 1956, Mao Zedong experienced a change from the idea of “ taking Soviet as a teacher” to “ taking Soviet as a lesson”. He tried to adjust the industrial development relations and management system of China’s industrialization under the framework of the socialist system, and formed subjective consciousness that surpassed the Soviet model of industrialization ideologically, contributed to the internal tension in the acceleration of industrialization in practice. In the transforming process of independent exploration of China’s industrialization, Mao Zedong ’s industrialization ideology reflected two kinds of ideological trends: First, it was the revolutionary tendency highly governed by political logic and involved deeply in the industrial construction. Second, it was the modern tendency which is more systematic and integral from simple industrialization. The intertextual variation of the two ideological tendencies of revolutionization and modernization has had a far-reaching influence on the road to industrialization in China.In conclusion, Mao Zedong left a rich institutional heritage for the industrialization of new China through revolutionary means. It is an important feature that differentiates Mao Zedong’ s industrialization thinking from traditional industrialization theory by bringing about institutional changes through industrialization to achieve industrialization. The exploration and thinking of the road to industrialization in China during Mao Zedong’ s era reflected the possibility of transformation from traditional farming civilization to modern industrial civilization, and provided a wealth of ideological resources for the transition from a backward agricultural major country to a socialist modern power. Due to the multiple historical tasks of Chinese society such as politics, economy, social culture and so on, industrialization and evolution of revolution and institutional changes have formed intricate internal relations. In this way, it can be said that Mao Zedong’ s exploration and reflection on China’s industrialization road is the historical starting point and logical starting point of the new China’s modernization road and the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
