研究从思想史的视角，探讨在民族抗战这一大背景下，以阶级意识为核心观念的中国共产党，如何通过理论的探索与实践，为自身存在与行为正名，最终得以存续并不断壮大这一问题。理清中国共产党理论实践的艰辛过程，对探讨中国共产党独特的理论气质、深入理解革命理论内涵，创新新时期的理论工作大有裨益。抗战时期中国共产党统一战线的理论实践共经历了四个阶段。第一阶段，九一八事变之后至国共合作基本达成。中国共产党在与现实不断校验、与各方讨论的过程中，逐渐调整了自身理论。“抗日民族统一战线”作为一个词汇组合稳定下来。这一主张为中国共产党在抗战初期的存在发展提供了合法性基础。尽管“统一战线”成为一个稳定的表述，但是如何具体地指导抗战，党内存在诸多分歧。第二阶段，国共合作达成后，中国共产党内部在有关民主与抗战关系的争论中，“一切为了抗战”的观点一度占据上风。在这一主张的基础上，中国共产党开展了“抗日民族统一战线”的教育与规范工作，以“一切经过统一战线”口号向国民党争生存权。国民党也由此前只谈“统一”不论“统战”，转而参与阐释“统一战线”。由于对“民主”缺乏重视，对自身独立自主地位的忽视，中国共产党危机频现。随着国际、国内形势的变化，毛泽东适时调整了政策。“民主”复归，其涵义也得到进一步丰富。第三阶段，1939年国际局势变动，国民党发起了“国民精神总动员”运动。国共两党围绕“民族”还是“阶级”、“集中”还是“民主”所展开的争论，实际是两党对抗战领导权的争夺。论战逐渐深入至对“三民主义”阐释权的争夺。中国共产党在抗战初期所主张的以“三民主义”为政治基础的“统一战线”理论也随之受到影响。正是在这场论战中，“新民主主义论”应运而生，中国共产党完成了抗战时期合法性的理论接续。第四阶段，中国共产党对战争性质的判断发生转变，国际统一战线运动随之开展。中国共产党逐步赢得美、英等国的关注。1943年共产国际解散后，中国共产党与国民党展开正面竞争，进一步强化了其全国性大党的形象。抗战时期，“民主”或隐或现贯穿始终，成为沟通“民族意识”与“阶级意识”的桥梁。半殖民地民族解放运动中，“民主”具有多重含义，不能简单从西方代议制视角来理解。此外，抗战时期，国共两党在“文场”上的争夺，实际是两种意识形态的较量。中国共产党在应对现实议题变化时所展现出的强大的调适能力，为此后夺取全国性政权奠定了坚实的基础。

To salvage the nation from subjugation is a major historical theme of the 20th century in China. During the period of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, this theme was particularly prominent. History has given the same test to both the Kuomintang (henceforth KMT) and the Communist Party of China (henceforth CPC), with the subject of 'military resistance and national reconstruction'. This research focused on how can the CPC, which gave priority to the concept of class consciousness, survived and continued to expand in the context of the National War of Resistance. This article examines the four phases of publicity campaign between the KMT and the CPC during the period of the Anti-Japanese War and discusses how the CPC, under the upsurge of national consciousness, achieved the trade-off between “revolutionary reality” and “revolutionary ideal”. To sort out the difficult process of the CPC's theoretical practice is of great benefit to explore the unique theoretical temperament of the CPC, to understand the connotation of the revolutionary theory in depth, and to work on theoretical innovation in the new era.The theoretical practice of the Communist Party of China during the Anti-Japanese War went through four stages. The first stage lasted from the Xi’an Incident (December 1936) to KMT and CPC reaching the Cooperation Agreement. During this stage, the slogan of “National Anti-Japanese United Front” came into being. In the course of continuous verification with the reality and discussion with other parties, the Communist Party of China gradually adjusted its own theory. The “Anti-Japanese National United Front” became a stable combination of concepts. This claim actually provided the legitimacy basis for the existence and development of the CPC in the early days of this war. However, despite the fact that the “United Front” has become a stable concept, there are many differences in how to guide specific anti-Japanese war practices.In the second stage, after the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC was reached, the view that "all for the sake of fighting against Japan" once prevailed in the debate on the relationship between democracy and the War of Resistance within the Communist Party. On the basis of this view, CPC carried out the education and normalize standardization work of the "National Anti-Japanese National United Front" and strived for the right to survive from KMT with the slogan of “all through the united front”. Giving up their old practice of only talking about “unity” without mentioning the “United Front”, the KMT also began to elaborate the “United Front”. Due to the lack of attention to “democracy” and the indifference to its own independent status, the CPC has experienced frequent internal crisis within the party. With the changes in the international and domestic situation and the changes in the situation within the party, Mao Zedong adjusted the policy in due course, with the concept of “democracy” being reintroduced into the policy and also further enriched. Thus, the concept of “nation” and that of “democracy” could be symbiotic in the anti-Japanese war.In the third stage, the international situation changed in 1939, and the KMT launched the long-planned “National Spiritual Mobilization” campaign. The slogans of "The War of Resistance First" and “the Nation is Supreme” advocated in this movement caused great pressure on the CPC. The debate on the "nationality" or the "class", "concentration" or “democracy” between the KMT and the CPC was actually a bipartisan struggle for the leadership of the war. As the debate gradually deepened into the struggle for the interpretation of the “Three People's Principles”, the theory of “the United Front” based on “Three People's Principles” was politically affected. As a result, “New Democracy” came into being. After jumping out of the framework of the “Three People's Principles”, the CPC succeeded in achieving the theoretical continuation of the legitimacy during the Anti-Japanese War. Since then, the “United Front” had been worked as action strategies. The period of the War of Resistance against Japan was a period of transition of the CPC as a national party. One important point in this period is to achieve the localization of its own party through Sinicization of Marxism in China. In the fourth stage, the CPC’s judgment on the nature of war experienced a transition from an anti-imperialist war to an anti-fascist war in 1941. The completion of this transformation embarked the CPC’s International United Front Movement. After the dissolution of the Communist International in 1943, the CPC began to compete with the KMT directly. It gradually won the attention of the US, UK and other countries and further established the image of the national party.Through the investigation of the above, the concept of “democracy” ran through the entire period of the War of Resistance against Japan and become a bridge to connect the “national consciousness” with the “class consciousness”. Under the definition of Marxism-Leninism, the semi-colonial “democracy” has multiple meanings and cannot be simply understood from the perspective of representative democracy in Western Europe. In addition, the struggle between the CPC and the KMT in the publicity campaign during the War of Resistance against Japan was actually a contest between the two ideologies. When the CPC dealt with realistic issues, they demonstrated a strong ability to adjust, which laid a solid foundation for seizing national power. which laid a solid foundation for the seizure of power.