水润滑可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程中，轴瓦表面与推力盘之间的流场经历了干摩擦、混合润滑以及轴承完全开启后的全膜润滑三种状态。开启过程中，轴承参数设计不当会发生“烧瓦”而引起轴承失效。因此，分析水润滑可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程，深入了解可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程机理及其主要影响因素，可以避免或减少轴承失效并提高轴承寿命，对水润滑可倾瓦推力轴承的自主设计及屏蔽式核主泵的国产化有重要意义。本文以水润滑可倾瓦推力轴承为研究对象，基于修正平均流量模型，建立了考虑界面滑移和挤压作用的轴承启停过程瞬态分析模型，采用该模型对流场分析。结果表明，可倾瓦推力轴承开启过程中界面滑移起主导作用，挤压作用影响可倾瓦推力轴承的停止过程，随着转速的降低，界面滑移的作用减弱，挤压作用逐渐起主导作用。揭示了水润滑环境中可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程的机理。基于可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程的瞬态模型，分析了速度曲线、支点变形、平衡梁结构和瓦面轮廓对轴承启停过程的影响，并对上述分析结果进行实验验证。结果表明，可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程中速度曲线斜率的选择要在合适范围内（本文的选择范围为：k=300-600 rpm/s）；平衡梁均载结构可以改善轴承的启停特性和装配工艺性，将轴承瓦面高度的加工及安装误差范围从0.01mm增加到0.2mm；轴承的启停受支点变形的影响，推力轴承存在最大承载力及最大支点许可变形量；瓦面轮廓参数会影响轴承启停过程，瓦面轮廓的设计要同时考虑轴承承载能力和启停特性，瓦面轮廓存在一个最佳值。以简化瓦面轮廓制备工艺及提高质量为目标，设计了一种与弧面轮廓具有相似性能的新型折面轮廓。提出激光扫描制备工艺，为在大面积域上加工微米级瓦面轮廓精度低的难题提供了一种新的解决方案，实现了新瓦面轮廓的准确制造。通过实验验证了该瓦面轮廓的工作性能。自行设计了具有力自平衡结构的水润滑可倾瓦推力轴承实验台，通过预先标定滚动轴承支撑引起的系统误差来保证启停过程力矩测量的精度；采用加速度传感器和扭矩传感器联合测试方法对可倾瓦推力轴承启停过程的状态转变进行判断，提高了分析的准确性。采用该实验装置对本文提出的轴承瞬态数值模型及其影响因素进行了相关实验验证，取得较好的一致性。

During the start-up and shut-down of water lubrication tilting-pad thrust bearings, the flow field between gap undergo the dry friction, mixed lubrication and elastohydrodynamic lubrication when the bearing is open. During the start-up process, the bearing might be failure due to "burning", if the parameters of tilting-pad thrust bearing not be designed properly. Therefore, the analysis of water lubrication tilting-pad thrust bearings start-up and shut-down process, can aids an understanding of the mechanism and main influence factors on the bearing performance, which can avoid or reduce bearings failure and improve its working life. It is important to the water lubrication tilting-pad thrust bearing independent design and shielded nuclear main pump localization.In this paper, A transient analysis model of water lubrication tilting-pad thrust bearing during start-up and shut-down process is established, which based on the modified PC flow model, and consider the influence of interface slip and squeeze on flow field analysis. The start-up and shut-down process of tilting-pad thrust bearing is analyzed. The results show that the interface slip plays a leading role in the start-up process, the squeezing effect influence tilting-pad thrust bearing in the shut-down process. As the speed decreases, interface slip effect is abate, squeezed play a leading role gradually. The mechanism of tilting-pad thrust bearing in water lubrication environment is revealed.Based on the transient model of the tilting-pad thrust bearing during start-up and shut-down process, the influence of velocity curve, deformation of pivot, equalizing beam structure and pad profile on the start-up and shut-down process of tilting-pad thrust bearing is studied, the results of the above theoretical analysis are verified by experiments. The results show that: the speed curve slopet of the tilting-pad thrust bearing start-up and shut-down process should be choice at a appropriate range (In this paper, the range of slopet is k=300-600 rpm/s); The equalizing beam which uniform load structure can improve the start-up and shut-down characteristic and assembly process of the tilting-pad thrust bearings, increase the allowable range of error foo machining and installation from 0.01mm to 0.2mm；As the deformation of pivot affect the tilting-pad thrust bearing start-up and shut-down，the maximum bearing capacity and the allowable deformation the bearing need be analyzed during the design of bearing; The change of surface profile will affect the start-up and shut-down process of bearing, the bearing capacity and the start-up and shut-down characters should be considered during the design of surface profile, and there will be an optimum value of the surface profile.Aimming to simplify themanufacturing process and improve the quality, a new type broken-line surface profile which has the similar performances of the crown profile is designed. At the same time, the laser scanning machining process is proposed, which solve the problem of low precision of fabricating micron level profile in large area, the accurate manufacture of new profile is realized. The performance of the pad surface profile are verified by experiments.A water lubricated tilting-pad thrust bearing test rig with a self-balancing structure is designed in this paper. In the experiment, the accuracy of the torque measurement during start-up and shut-down process can be ensured by predetermined calibrating the system error caused by the rolling bearing. A method to judge the operation state of tilting-pad thrust bearing during start-up and shut-down processcombining the acceleration sensor and torque sensor is given.This method increases the accuracy of measurement. This test rig is adopted to verify the transient numerical model and the influence factors on the start-up and shut-down performance. The experimental results are consistent with the numerical analysis results.