在泉州古城中，长期存在着一种被民间称为“铺境”的体系。在铺境划分的版图上，形成了紧密结合空间领域、地方社区的民间信仰体系。对照古籍、古迹上的记录以及近代以来的历史研究，结合实地走访，本论文对铺境的概念进行辨析，指出铺境是一种独特的邻里单位划分体系，作为明清时期的基层城市单元，铺境同时具有城市治理单元和地方信仰单元的属性。城市治理单元利用了地方信仰单元已经形成的边界，“铺”和“境”两者在空间范围上有包含关系。在搜集古地图、志书、口述史等资料的基础上，本文呈现了泉州古城铺境清末的空间分区状况，明确其四个特征：1. 铺境是中国传统城市“行政—信仰”等级架构中的底层单元；2. 铺境是由聚居和共同祭祀两重社群关系叠加而成的城市社区单元；3. 铺境施行的城市管理制度是行政管理和宗教威慑的结合；4. 铺境神是各个地方社区的象征，不同类型的神明代表了城市中不同地点的特性。本文从“铺”与“境”两者各自对应着的城市治理和地方信仰两条线索出发研究其四个特征：1. 根据铺境在“行政—信仰”等级架构中的层级，梳理了城市中相关的节点与网络，说明铺境在不同等级架构中发挥作用的方式，从中心确立、层级控制和主次区别三个角度分析其对铺境空间模式的影响。2. 对铺境作为城市社区单元的世俗功能和信仰功能进行分别的论述，分析了世俗空间和信仰空间，提取领域、标志和边界三种关键空间要素并解释其信仰内涵，透过铺境的仪式与时空说明泉州古城中的铺境单元之间的统合与对立。3. 从铺境的城市管理制度设置出发，提出明清时期帝国的法定里社与地方上的铺境庙实为一体，行政、信仰系统按各自的体系与规则运行，共同对城市人口管理、城市财税管理发挥作用，继而分析管理体系如何作用于铺境的用地划分，以及铺境庙中的“礼”如何作用于管理权威的维系。4. 将铺境所祀神明视为城市社会生活的表征，阐明铺境神的空间分布所代表的社群、空间资源、场所特征，通过神明与城市空间子系统的关联说明铺境神在城市官方“正统”、民间“异端”中间的角色。铺境在今天仍有重要的现实含义。从铺境遗产的认识与保护出发，本文提出借鉴传统社区的管理经验，将铺境作为遗产系统加以保护，并作为城市空间特色延续需要参照的关键要素。
In the historic city of Quanzhou, there has long been a system known as “pujing” by the folks. The walled city was divided into “pu” (literally meaning wards) and “jing” (literally meaning boundaries) units. Each community had its own sacred territory on which temple was sited and divinity was manifested. As a unique neighborhood division system in late imperial Quanzhou, pujing is a combination of both local administration and territorial cults. The units of local administration adopt the existing boundaries of territorial cults to be precise. This dissertation reviews records of pujing seen in ancient books and relics, comparing them with evidences found in historical research and field research. Based on historical maps, gazetteers and oral history, it reconstructs the spatial division of pujing in the late Qing Dynasty and outlines its four characteristics: 1. Pujing is lower level in the “administrative-religious” hierarchy of traditional Chinese cities; 2. It consists of communities where people share living areas and local cults; 3. The local governance implemented by pujing is a combination of administrative control and supernatural punishment; 4. Pujing deities are symbols of localities, which represent the spirits of different places in the city.The study on these four aspects of pujing takes the perspectives of both local administration and territorial cults, which are respectively corresponding to the meaning of “pu” and “jing”. 1. Pujing’s role in the “administrative-religious” hierarchical structure is analyzed together with its related nodes and networks. 2. The sacred space and secular space of pujing are articulated through their functions in the community life, constituting three elements—territory, symbol and border. 3. The empire’s official altars are incorporated into the pujing temples for popular cults where local governance has an influence on pujing’s spatial division. 4. As an indication for the city’s social geography, pujing deities represent the social groups, spatial resources, and spirits of place, and illustrate the tension between official “orthodox” and unofficial “heterodox”. This dissertation proposes to preserve pujing as heritage of the historic city of Quanzhou, to learn from the traditional pujing communities, and to take it as important reference for urban conservation.
