自杀是当今年轻人致死的三大主要原因之一。每年，预计有超过71000 名青少年选择自杀。但是，证据表明，存在自杀行为的实际人数甚至更高。在巴西，青少年人群中自杀人数持续增长，因此，卫生部将青少年归类为自杀高危群体。本研究旨在对全球各学校基于证据的自杀预防项目及其在巴西的应用进行定性研究。本研究通过MEDLINE 数据库进行研究，并采用“自杀、自残、青少年、学校和预防”等关键词进行搜索。随后，通过手动研究方式进行其他额外研究。质量评估按照证据等级对研究分级。分析时，仅考虑试验性尝试。根据所确定的项目来看（23 个），可通过不同方法预防学校学生自杀，包括学生教育、学生应对策略培训、门卫培训、核心同伴模式和综合干预等。研究表明，学生教育和核心同伴培训是最有益的方法，且成本相对较低。事实证明，可能需要将所有这些干预措施整合到一个项目，从而实现巴西国家自杀预防项目最佳结果。最后，将对该项目的实施进行评估，并根据国家实际情况和具体环境加以运用。随后，提出了加强在巴西国情下提高项目成果的特定建议。
Suicide is among the three main causes of mortality among young people. It is estimated that 71,000 adolescents commit suicide per year worldwide and suicide attempts, usually unreported, perhaps cause harm to more adolescents. In Brazil, suicide has been classified by the Brazilian Ministry of Health as a high risk of self harm among adolescents due to its rising trend among school children and young adults. This thesis intends to explore different models of preventing suicide among youngsters by aqualitative review of studies of suicide prevention programs in school settings all over the world so a discussion can be started regarding what measures of suicide prevention can be learned by Brazil.Studies on prevention of suicide among adolescents were identified through the MEDLINE database, by using keyword searches. Via intensive readings of these articles, a group key studies were kept for reference and discussion in this paper sincethey offered clearly defined strategies for suicide prevention programs and program evaluations.Literature about a total 17 adolescent suicide prevention programs has been examined by this author, and since most of these used school settings as the sites of suicide prevention, five types of school-based strategies will be discussed in the following: 1)the strategy of launching student education about avoiding suicide, 2)the strategy of training students to develop coping abilities for dealing stress in everyday life and in face of critical life events, 3) the strategy of training teachers and school administrators as gatekeepers of adolescent suicide, 4) the strategy of cultivating role models among students to discourage negative and defeatist feelings among their peers, 5) the strategy of using combined intervention approaches.Efforts to educate students to remain positive and to cultivate student role models are found to be most beneficial and require a relatively low cost of program funding. It is clear, though, that it may be necessary to combine different approaches of intervention in order to pursue the best possible outcomes. For Brazil, as it is for the countries where adolescent suicide prevention programs have been adopted, the sites of formal education for the young are an ideal venue for preventing suicide among adolescents.
