随着资源短缺和环境问题加剧，可再生能源及分布式能源系统越来越受到关注。由于可再生能源具有波动性和间歇性，因此在可再生能源系统中，储能能有效增强系统的稳定性。在诸多的储能方式之中，电解储能可以跨季节，跨区域，是一种有潜力的可再生能源储能方式，其中又以高温电解效率最高。可逆固体氧化物燃料电池（RSOFC）是一种结合了发电（固体氧化物燃料电池，SOFC）与高温电解（固体氧化物电解池，SOEC）的设备，十分适合作为分布式可再生能源的储能。但相比丰富的SOFC和SOEC研究，RSOFC具有的独特特性还没有得到足够研究。目前，学界对RSOFC的研究多为材料研究，致力于解决如何实现真正的可逆运行，系统及模型方面的研究还较少。本文则力图对RSOFC的研究现状，建模方法，单电池工作特性以及系统工作特性做一个全方位的基础分析。在建模方面，本文充分的借鉴了已有的SOFC和SOEC模型，基于物理建模方法，得到了适合于系统应用的一维动态RSOFC模型。单电池的研究方面，最为重要的一点是将SOFC与SOEC结合起来，视为一个整体。基于这种思想，本文采用上述一维动态RSOFC模型讨论了RSOFC作为一个整体的稳态动态特性，并就模式切换这一RSOFC独特的工作方式进行了讨论，得到了进行模式切换的几种方法，并进行了优劣分析。此外，为了分析RSOFC用于可再生能源系统储能的方法以及效果，本文建立了一个包含发，储，配，用的气电热联产的可再生能源系统。以系统的供需匹配及综合能源?效率为指标，考虑了RSOFC储能的融入对系统的提升作用。结果表明，合适的RSOFC储能能提高可再生能源的利用率, 系统供需匹配度以及系统综合?效率。同时针对分布式的能源系统，为了解决其控制问题，本文提出了一种新的多智能体的控制方法。并从理论上进行了分析，分别用理想模型和实际模型进行了验证，结果证明这一算法能实现分布式控制，具有实际意义。
With the shortage of the resources and deterioration of eco-environment, renewable energy and distributed energy system have received plenty of attention. Due to the instability and intermittence of renewable energy in the system, energy storage is regarded as an effective way to enhance system stability. Electrolysis storage, which is able to be used in large time and space scale, is a potential method to store renewable energy. Among large number of electrolysis method, high temperature electrolysis has the highest efficiency.Reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) is a device combing electricity generation (SOFC) and high temperature electrolysis (SOEC), which is highly suitable for renewable energy storage. Compared to abundant SOFC and SOEC researches, the special property of RSOFC has not been studied deeply.In recent researches, material of RSOFC is studied widely to solve the problem that how RSOFC could operate reversibly but researches about modeling or system are relatively rare. In this article, the state of art, modeling, single cell working properties and system working properties of RSOFC are analyzed basically from different aspects.Based on the existing SOFC and SOEC model, a one-dimension dynamic RSOFC model is established by physical modeling method to be used in system analyzation.The foremost point of single cell research is combing SOFC and SOEC as a whole. This article uses the mentioned RSOFC model to discuss the stable and dynamic process of RSOFC and focuses on the mode switching method, which only exists in RSOFC.In order to discuss how to use RSOFC in renewable energy system and the effect of RSOFC, a distributed renewable energy system which includes generation, storage, delivery and utilization is considered. The matching of supply and demand and the synthetic energy exergy efficiency is used as the index to consider the promotion provided by RSOFC to system. The results show that suitable RSOFC storage can improve the renewable energy utilization, the matching of supply and demand and also the system exergy efficiency.Meanwhile, aiming at solving the control problem of distributed energy system, this article proposes a control algorithm based on multi-agent system. The reliability of the algorithm is analyzed from theoretical calculation and also validated by identical and actual model. It is showed that the algorithm is able to realize distributed control and also has the realistic value.
