圆柱齿轮因其效率高、结构紧凑、工作可靠的优点，为机械行业中广泛使用的一种传动方式。驱动桥中，圆柱齿轮主要应用于分动器、轮边减速器。驱动桥工作性能、使用寿命等很大程度上取决于齿轮传动的质量。因此，开展驱动桥圆柱齿轮分析方法研究，对提高驱动桥传动质量具有重要意义。目前，圆柱齿轮分析方法主要有公式法、有限元法及LTCA法。公式法使用方便，计算效率高，但诸多修正系数依据近似经验公式给出，计算精度往往难以保证。基于有限元法的齿轮接触分析计算结果准确，但存在计算效率低的不足。综合考虑计算精度及求解效率，基于Hertz接触理论的LTCA法越来越广泛应用于圆柱齿轮分析中。本文以驱动桥圆柱齿轮为研究对象，全面考虑各种因素影响，研究了包括理想啮合、考虑整桥错位量、考虑轮齿齿向修形的圆柱齿轮加载接触分析原理，基于MATLAB语言，自主开发相关软件。其中，针对传统LTCA方法在直齿圆柱齿轮加载接触分析中的不足，提出一种抛物线形式的齿宽边缘接触刚度的修正方法，准确实现了边缘松弛影响区域内边缘接触刚度的平滑过渡修正，提出一种考虑边缘松弛效应的圆柱齿轮轮齿加载接触分析方法，基于有限元接触分析进行充分验证。此外，考虑整桥错位量对齿轮副加载接触分析影响，基于有限元梁单元模型准确获取圆柱齿轮副错位量信息，对其加载接触分析原理及计算流程进行了研究。再者，以工程中广泛使用的鼓形齿为例，基于曲面拟合，考虑齿向修形对圆柱齿轮副加载接触分析的影响，对其原理及流程进行研究。为充分验证本文方法的正确性，将计算机啮合仿真获得的载荷分配、法向力分布、接触应力、传动误差等齿面接触信息与基于ABAQUS的有限元方法结果进行全面的对比分析。通过对比验证，在考虑不同因素影响时，本文提出的加载接触分析方法既能够保证计算精度，又能够提高计算效率。本文全面考虑齿轮副实际工作过程中各种因素影响，提出了一套有效的驱动桥圆柱齿轮设计分析方法，并开发相关软件模块，有助于提高企业设计者工作效率，提高经济效益，具有重要的工程应用价值。
Due to its high efficiency, compact structure, and reliable operation, cylindrical gears are widely used in the mechanical industry. In drive axles, cylindrical gears are mainly used in splitters and wheel reducers. The operating performance and service life of the transaxle largely depend on the quality of the gear transmission. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the drive axle transmission quality by studying the analysis method of the driving axle cylinder gear.At present, cylindrical gear analysis methods mainly include formula method, finite element method and LTCA method. The formula method is easy to use and has high computational efficiency, but many correction coefficients are given based on the approximate empirical formula, and the calculation accuracy is often difficult to guarantee. The calculation result of the gear contact analysis based on the finite element method is accurate, but there is a deficiency in the calculation efficiency. Taking into account the calculation accuracy and the efficiency of the solution, the LTCA method based on the Hertz contact theory is more and more widely used in the analysis of cylindrical gears.This paper takes the drive axle spur gear as the research object, considers all kinds of factors in full consideration, studies the principle of loading contact analysis of the spur gear including ideal meshing, taking into account the misalignment, taking into account the gear teeth tooth profile, based on the MATLAB language, develop related software independently. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional LTCA method in the analysis of the loading contact of spur gears, this paper proposes a correction method of parabolic-type edge width contact stiffness, and accurately realizes the smooth transitional correction of the edge contact stiffness in the area affected by edge relaxation. A spur gear tooth loading contact analysis method considering the edge relaxation effect is fully verified based on finite element contact analysis. In addition, considering the effect of the misalignment on the contact analysis of the gear pair, the accurate misalignment information of the spur gear is obtained based on the finite element beam element model, and the contact analysis principle and calculation flow are studied. Furthermore, taking drum-shaped teeth widely used in engineering as an example, based on surface fitting, the influence of tooth profile modification on the contact analysis of the spur gear pair is considered, and its principle and flow are studied.In order to fully verify the correctness of this method, a comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted on the tooth surface contact information such as load distribution, normal force distribution, contact stress and transmission error obtained by computer meshing simulation and the finite element method based on ABAQUS. Through comparison and verification, when considering the influence of different factors, the method of loading and contact analysis proposed in this paper can not only ensure the calculation accuracy, but also improve the calculation efficiency.This paper fully considers the influence of various factors in the actual working process of the gear pair, and puts forward an effective analysis method for design and analysis of the spur gear of the drive axle, and develops related software modules, which helps to improve the efficiency of the enterprise designer and improve the economic benefits. Engineering application value.
