作为工业革命最为重要的象征之一，火车以其广阔的延展性、与陆地的紧密联系性、雄奇的车头以及钢铁结构成为了许多文学文本的重要素材来源。尤其是在中国的近代历史发展历程中，伴随着从封建小农社会到现代工业社会的转型，象征城市化、工业化进程的火车往往被视作一种文化现象，出现在中国现代文学的各类文本中。本文所指的中国现代文学是一个较为宽泛的范畴，并不特指1917-1949年间的文学这一传统分法，而是包括1840年以来的所有文学形式，泛指刻写现代性经验的文学；而其中又以小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文、报刊等形式为主。因此，此篇论文主要考察的是中国进入近代以来，文学作品中火车形象的演变问题，并分析各类形象形成背后所蕴含着的话语背景、权力机制及意识形态，同时思考火车所代表的工业文明对国人心理施加的文化影响。 除去绪论与结语，本文总共分为四个部分。第一部分先从整体上阐述文学与火车或铁路之关系，包括铁路事业在中国的发展历史、火车所带来的观看方式与写作节律的改变等等。第二部分立足于对晚清文学作品中的火车进行整理和研究。主要探讨晚清官员与留学生出访国外的文学记叙与晚清画报中的火车形象。其中，官与民两者对于火车的接受及反馈差别在这个铁路刚刚来到中国本土的时期尤为明显。根据时间线索，第三部分以民国时期主要是二十世纪三四十年代的文学作品为考察重点。在这里，火车在“新感觉派”文学与左翼及解放区的文学文本中呈现出了不同的形象，从一个侧面反映了不同意识形态对于现代性这一概念的理解分歧。第四部分，作者将探讨新时期文学中的火车形象。在这一时期，火车以代表现代化及反思现代性的两种形象出现，展现了改革开放后中国社会种种不同思想之间的碰撞。 本文通过文学与历史史料的收集、采用文化研究和文本细读相结合的方式对中国现代文学中的火车形象进行探讨，旨在阐释火车是以一种怎样的方式帮助建构了文人对于现代性的整体论述，也有助于我们从物质文化的角度透视近代以来国人关于现代性的不同想象与实践。
As one of the most important symbol of the industrial revolution, the train or the railway has become an important material for many literary texts with its wide extensibility, close connection with the land, magnificent locomotive and steel framework. Especially in the development of China`s modern history, accompanied by the transition from feudal small-scale agricultural societies to modern industrial societies, trains or railways that symbolize urbanization and industrialization are often viewed as cultural phenomena and appear in various forms of texts in Chinese modern literature. It is notable that the Chinese modern literature referred to in this dissertation is a relatively broad category, which does not specifically refer to the traditional division from 1917 to 1949, but includes all the literary forms since 1840, mainly including novels, poetries, dramas, proses and newspapers, which had constructed the experience of modernity. Therefore, the main point we want to examine in this dissertation is the evolution of train images in literary works since China entered modern times, and also analyzes the power mechanism, relevant ideology and discourse system behind the formation of different types of images. At the same time, we can consider the cultural impact of industrial civilization represented by trains or railways on the psychology of Chinese People. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this dissertation is divided into four parts. Part one first elaborates the relationship between Chinese modern literature and trains, including the history of the development of railway industry in China, the changes in ways of seeing and writing rhythms which trains bring, and so on. Part two focuses on train or railway images in the late Qing literary works, which mainly refer to the images in literature narration of the officials and students who had been abroad and the images in pictorials in the late Qing Dynasty. Among them, the difference in the acceptance and the feedback of trains or railways between the government and the people is particularly evident during the period when the railways were just built in China. According to the time periods, part three viewed literary works of the Republic of China mainly in the 1930s and 1940s as research priorities. Here the train represented different images in the literature texts of the "Chinese New Sensation School" and in the left-wing and the liberated areas` literature texts, which is a reflection of different understanding of the concept of modernity between opposite ideologies. In part four, the author will discuss the train images in the New Period`s literature texts. During this period, the train or the railway appeared with two different images representing modernization or reflecting on modernity, demonstrating the collision between different ideas of Chinese society after the reform and opening-up policies. Using the researching method of cultural studies and text analysis, this academic dissertation discusses the train images in Chinese modern literature through the collection of literature and historical materials, which aims to demystify how trains help build Chinese literati's general interpretation about modernity. The overall exposition from the perspective of material culture also helps us probe into the Chinese people's different imagination and practice of modernity since modern times.
