增强现实教学是将增强现实技术用于教育的新型教学模式，在信息通信技术（ICT）所支撑的教学模式不断发展的今天，增强现实教学受到教育工作者们和人机交互研究者们的广泛关注。目前关于增强现实教学的研究主要基于头戴式或二维屏幕内容显示设备而展开，其交互模式与教学过程的设计大多都偏离真实实验教学的体验，并且其教学效果的评估仅限于独立地与传统教学模式进行对比。本文提出了基于计算机视觉识别和便携式投影的增强现实教学系统，在保持传统实验教学的小组共享模式的同时，支持教学实验过程的有形交互以及非直观教学知识的实时反馈，并设计了基于增强现实的完整教学过程设计范式。用户研究表明该方法在保留传统实验教学体验的同时可显著提升课堂教学效果。论文工作的主要贡献包括以下两方面。1. 设计并实现了一套模拟传统实验的增强现实教学系统：实现了基于投影的增强现实教学系统MagnetAR。MagnetAR采用真实的实验操作台作为交互界面，以磁场知识教学为例，将非直观教学信息精确的投影到实验操作台上，支持学生与真实的教具进行交互并获取实时反馈，提高了教学效果，提升了学习体验。2. 提出了一种增强现实教学与传统实验教学相结合的教学模式：在保留传统教学方式优点的基础上，融合增强现实的教学是目前课堂教学更好的模式。论文工作将传统实验教学、纯增强现实教学和基于两者结合的教学效果进行对比和分析，从客观和主观的角度去分析三种模式下的教学效果。用户研究表明基于MagnetAR和传统实验结合的教学模式在教学效果上比纯增强现实教学模式提高了48%，比传统实验教学模式提高了2倍；同时两者结合的教学模式在帮助教学内容的理解、学生整体偏好等用户主观评价方面也达到了更高的满意度。基于MagnetAR的教学任务实验表明，模拟传统实验的教学系统能够提升非直观知识的教学效果，同时增强现实与传统实验相结合的教学模式进一步提升教学效果和体验，为未来增强现实教学的设计提供了指导。
Augmented reality (AR) teaching is a new education model that enhances traditional classroom teaching utilizing AR technology. With the continuous development of the education model supported by information and communication technology, AR teaching has received extensive attention from educators and human-computer interaction researchers. At present, research on AR teaching is mainly based on head-mounted or 2D graphics display devices. The design of interaction and teaching process deviates from the experience of real experimental teaching and the evaluation of its teaching effect is limited to independent comparison with traditional teaching. This thesis proposes an AR teaching system based on a portable projector. It supports tangible interaction during the process of experimental teaching and provides real-time feedback on non-intuitive scientific knowledge, while maintaining group sharing in traditional experimental teaching at the same time. A user study shows that the proposed method can significantly improve class-based teaching effect and retain a traditional experimental learning experience. This thesis further studies the design paradigm of a combined teaching process involving AR technology. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows:1. Design and implementation of an AR teaching system that simulates and enhances traditional experiments. We implement a projector-based AR teaching system. It turns a real experiment platform into an interactive interface, which accurately projects non-intuitive teaching information to the experiment table, supporting students' interaction with real educational instruments and providing real-time feedback. The design goal of the system is to simulate traditional teaching experience using AR technology and to enhance the teaching process in order to achieve an improved teaching effect.2. A teaching model combining AR-based teaching with traditional experimental teaching. Preserving traditional experiments, the AR enhanced teaching model is currently the best model of classroom teaching. We compare our system with traditional experimental teaching and the combination of the two and analyze the teaching effect of the three teaching modes in terms of objective and subjective data. The user study shows that the teaching model combining AR and traditional experiment is 48% more effective than the AR teaching alone, and twice more than traditional experimental teaching. Meanwhile, the combined model of AR teaching and traditional experimental teaching helps the students to understand the teaching content. Concerning the subjective evaluation, such as overall preference, the students show high levels of satisfaction with the combined teaching model.The user study based on MagnetAR shows that the teaching system simulating the traditional experiment can enhance the teaching effect of non-intuitive knowledge. Furthermore, the teaching mode that combines AR and traditional experiment can further improve the teaching effect and experience, which provides the design guide for future AR-based teaching.
