上世纪90年代中后期开始，我国高等教育的管理体制和结构布局发生大规模的调整和改革，我国的高等教育进入了飞跃式的发展时期。随着高等教育的大规模扩招，为社会输出大量人才的同时，教育的供求与办学条件之间的矛盾日益突出，因此我国的大学校园掀起了校园扩建、改造的新浪潮。但是，快速建设的结果就是导致新校区景观过于模式化，老校区景观个性消失，在景观设计方面对校园文化景观的关注远远不够，如何在老校区的改造中强化文化要素是本论文研究的重点。论文首先对国内外校园景观的研究现状做出综述，总结到目前为止欧美地区对校园景观的研究概况以及我国专家、学者关于校园景观的研究成果。界定本论文的研究范围，对于校园景观的讨论在大学的范畴之内。同时对国内外校园景观发展历程以及校园景观的变化进行了总结和梳理，在此基础上，总结出校园文化景观的类型，包括历校园历史景观、校园纪念景观、校园标志景观以及校园艺术景观；校园文化景观的构成要素分自然构成要素和人工构成要素；以及校园文化景观改造策略。总结城市渠化河道改造的设计原则：生态性原则，地域性原则，多元化原则，整体性原则和人性化原则，在校园河道改造设计中充分体现校园文化。通过对国内外著名校园河道景观案例和城市河道改造案例分析，总结经验，学习案例中的先进理念和工程技术手法。最后通过对清华大学校河的改造设计，将以上的设计理念和设计手法应用于设计实践中，将理论与实践结合，建立跨学科的多功能目标，将渠化河道改造成为生态健康，美观宜人，社会融合的绿色基础设施。河道的公共开放空间和景观不仅可以增强河流的生态功能和美学效果，还可以反映现场的历史，校园的文化，同时展示河道的生态景观，提供公共教育和休闲娱乐的平台，使人们能够亲近自然，恢复自然生境。规划和设计将在更广泛的范围进行分析的基础上，重点关注景观的文化内涵表达，解决校园文化景观缺乏的问题，这个过程将是一个小型城市中的校园河道振兴的过程和景观文化复兴的范式。
From the mid-to-late 1990s, due to a series of adjustment and reform in its administrative system and structure, national higher education has boomed. With expanding enrollment and accumulating number of students, the conflict between the demand and the conditions of universities has been increasingly prominent, resulting in a new wave of extension and renovation projects among universities, which has generated landscape over-modelization of new campus and disappearing individuality in old ones, lacking attention to campus cultural landscapes. This dissertation mainly researches on how to accent the cultural essence when renovating old campuses.It should be noted that this research mainly focuses on college campus landscapes. Firstly, a comprehensive review of campus landscapes has been conducted to generalize the status quo in European and American area and the research findings made by domestic scholars. Secondly, based on the layout of domestic and overseas campus landscape development and transformations, it concludes four types of campus cultural landscapes, comprising campus historical landscape, campus memorial landscape, campus landmarks, and art landscape. Thirdly, the key components of campus cultural landscape are identified, i.e., natural component and artificial component, along with renovation strategies. Besides, five principles of urban channelized river realignment are drawn out, which could prominently manifest campus culture, i.e., ecological principle, region principle, diversity principle, integrity principle and humanistic principle. In brief, it is clear that advanced design concept and techniques of reconstruction projects could be adopted for future use through analyzing cases of campus river landscapes and urban river realignment.Based on the analysis of river realignment project implemented in Tsinghua University, this research puts the design concepts and techniques manifested above into practice and channelizes the river into an ecologically healthy, eye-pleasing, socially-integrated infrastructure in the campus, establishing interdisciplinary multi-functional goals. It is valid that the public open space and the landscape of the watercourse should not only enhance the ecological function and aesthetic effect, but also manifest its history and campus culture. Meanwhile, the realigned watercourse also demonstrates the ecological landscape and serves as the platform for public educational and recreational activities, drawing nature back to people and restoring the environment. In conclusion, on top of more comprehensive analysis, planning and design should shift its focus to the expression of cultural connotation, filling the gap of campus cultural landscapes, which will definitely become a set procedure of campus watercourse revitalization and a new paradigm of landscape cultural renaissance in small-size cities.
