水资源是人类赖以生存且不可替代的宝贵资源，是人类社会和经济发展的重要物质基础和根本保障。然而，随着世界经济和社会的高速发展、全球人口的迅速膨胀以及气候的变化，出现了水资源日益匮乏，地下水位不断下降，水生态承载能力严重不足等情况，严重导致供需矛盾日显突出。水资源短缺已成为制约城市经济社会健康快速发展的重大因素和瓶颈。供水管网作为城市的“生命线”，它担负着为城市输送新鲜“血液”的重要责任，最大限度的降低和控制城市供水管网漏损，提高水资源利用效率已成为世界各地供水企业亟需破解的共性问题和面对的重大挑战，深入开展城市供水管网漏损监测与控制技术的分析研究，有效提升漏损监测与控制水平，对节约水资源、缓解供需矛盾及提高企业经济效益具有重要而现实的意义。 本文首先全面总结了供水管网漏损的基本概念及主要评价指标。在对北京市供水管网漏损基本情况与国内外漏损水平比较、分析的基础上，重点对水量平衡分析、独立计量区（District Metered Area，即DMA）、三级压力调控等关键技术手段进行了深入的分析研究，并对漏点检测、表具计量等管理措施进行了简要的介绍。提出了适合我国供水管网条件和运行工况的水量平衡分析方法及构成要素计算方法；构建了DMA存量漏失水平评估和新增漏失快速预警的量化指标体系；确定了分区调度、区域控压、小区控压的三级压力调控技术方案；提出了漏点检测和表具计量的精细化管理对策。最后分析了相关研究成果在北京市供水管网的应用实践及成效，并对未来漏损控制的工作目标和思路进行了展望。 通过对供水管网漏损监测与控制过程中普遍存在的关键、共性问题的研究，初步建立了适合我国供水情况的漏损监测与控制综合性技术体系，为国内供水企业有针对性的开展漏损监测与控制工作提供了坚实的技术支撑和宝贵的实践经验。
Water resources are valuable resources on which human beings depend to survive and cannot be replaced. It is an important material basis and fundamental guarantee for human society and economic development. However, with the rapid development of world economy and society, the rapid expansion of the world's population, and climate change, the growing scarcity of water resources, groundwater table declining, a serious shortage of water ecological carrying capacity, and so on have caused more prominent contradiction between supply and demand. Water shortage has become a major factor and bottleneck, restricting the rapid development of urban economic and social health. Water supply network as a "lifeline" of the city, as it plays an important role in urban transport fresh "blood", maximum limit to reduce and control the urban water supply pipe network leakage, and improving the utilization efficiency of water resources have become the common problems of water supply enterprises need to crack all over the world and a major challenge. intensifying the urban water supply pipe network leakage analysis and study of monitoring and control technology, effectively enhancing the level of leakage control and to save water resources, easing the contradiction between supply and demand, and improving enterprise economic benefits have important and realistic meaning.In this paper, the basic concept of leakage loss of water supply pipeline and its main evaluation index are summarized. On the basis of comparison and analysis of the basic situation of the Beijing municipal water supply pipe network leakage and leakage level both at home and abroad, , water balance analysis, district metered area (DMA), pressure control and other key technical method are carried on the thorough analysis and research, and brief introduction is given about management measures such as leak detection and meter metrology. The paper puts forward the method of water balance analysis and calculation method for the water supply pipe network condition and operating condition. A quantitative index system is constructed for the loss assessment of DMA stock and the newly lost alarm. The technical scheme of subdivision scheduling, regional control pressure and three-level pressure regulation of the district control pressure is determined. This paper presents a detailed management countermeasure of leakage detection and user measurement. Finally, the paper analyzes the application practice and effect of the related research results in the Beijing municipal water supply pipe network, and prospects the target and thought of leakage control in the future.Based on the study of the key, common and individual problems in the process of leakage control of water supply pipe network, a comprehensive technical system for leakage monitoring and control is established, providing concrete technical support and valuable practical experience for the domestic water supply enterprises to carry out the leakage monitoring and control work.
