基础教育关乎国民素质的提高，既履行着传授基本知识与基本技能的职责，又肩负着为专业教育输送合格人才的重任，是我国跻身人才强国和人力资源强国的重要保障。中国学生优异的学业表现足以说明中小学智育善于培养“会学习、会考试”的人才。然而，这种单方面的辉煌无法掩盖中国学生每况愈下的体质窘况。尽管国家以及有关部门对青少年儿童体质问题高度重视，对学业过分看重、对身体关注不足仍然制约着中小学生的全面可持续发展。因此，围绕典型西北地区的学生体质与学业表现现状如何、学生体质是否影响学业表现、不同类型学校和不同群体之间是否存在差异等研究问题，收集第一手大样本的地区性管理数据以及抽样调查数据，揭示体质与学业表现的关系，将对积极促进学生体质与学业协同发展具有重要的意义。出于对该现象性问题的思考，以及对世界范围内跨学科视野下青少年儿童体质与学业发展研究动态的关注，本研究收集陕西省渭南市政府所在辖区2012-2015年中小学生全样本体检与统考成绩管理数据302886条，以及2015年全体高中二年级和三年级学生抽样调查数据1999条，以国家学生体质健康标准作为评判依据，借鉴教育生产函数的经典研究范式，将学生身体形态（BMI、体重、BMI等级）与身体机能（肺活量、肺活量不及格、肺活量优秀）看作个人特征以及教育投入，通过3项实证分析，由浅入深地探讨其对于阶段性教育结果——期末统考成绩的影响。（1）通过数值和图示对2012-2015年学生体质状况进行描述性的趋势分析，与相近省市、国家趋势进行对比；（2）采用皮尔逊相关和最小二乘法回归分析初步揭示学生体质与学业表现的相关关系；（3）采用因果推断中的工具变量法，估算学生体质与学业表现的影响，以及进一步分析不同学校类型学生之间的差异。本研究得到以下结论：（1）大部分学生属于体质健康群体，高中生肥胖和小学生肺活量不达标现象值得关注。（2）在控制了个人、家庭和学校特征的情况下，学生身体形态不显著影响学业表现。（3）学生身体机能显著影响学业表现，即肺活量越大的学生在学业成绩上更有优势。（4）不同学校类型学生群体身体机能对学业成绩的影响存在差异。
The basic education is related to the improvement of the quality of the nationals. It not only fulfills the responsibility of passing on basic knowledge and basic skills, but also holds the task of conveying qualified talents for professional education. It is an important guarantee for our country to become powerful with talents and strong with human resources. Excellent academic performance of Chinese students sum up in sufficiently that the intellectual education in China is good at training talents that experienced in both learning and passing the examination. However, this unilateral glory can not cover up the truth that physical fitness of Chinese students has gone from bad to worse. Although the government and the relevant departments attach great importance to the physical and mental problems of the youth, overemphasizing study and undermphasizing the body still restricts the comprehensive and sustainable development of Chinese students. Therefore, this research is built around three questions. What is the status quo of physical fitness among students from western China? Does physical fitness have an impact on academic performance? What are the differences between different groups? To uncover the relation between physical fitness and academic performance, firsthand full sample regional administrative data and sampling survey data have been collected, which is of great significance to actively promote the students’ physical and academic development. Paying attention to these phenomenal questions as well as the research trend all over the world, 302886 full sample administrative data of students in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, and 1999 survey data of Grade 11 and Grade 12 in 2015 have been collected. According to the National Guideline of Student Physical Fitness, the paradigm of the Economics of Educaiton, and treating physical shape and function as the personal characterisctic and educational input, three empirical studies have been carried out to explore the casulity between the physical fitness and final test scores. First, descriptive statistics have been used as a tool to describe the tendency of data from 2012 to 2015. Second, Pearson correlation and ordinary least square （OLS） regression have been used to uncover the relation between physical fitness and academic performance. Third, instrumental variable （IV） method has been used to eatimate the impact of physical fitness on academic performance.Results show that obesity and poor vital capacity （VC） are the most conspicous problems among students from the northwest China though the current situation is good at present. After controlling the individual, family and school characteristics, physical shape significantly influences the academic performance. Physical function significantly correlates to the academic performance, that is, high school students with better VC perfrom better. Students from different types of high schools show differences in the relation between VC and academic performance.
