近年来由于环境问题日益严重，核能作为清洁能源备受关注。在我国核能发展的进程中，公众接受性低的问题一直是一个障碍。夸大核能风险的谣言频繁产生且传播迅速，有些还导致了核能领域群体性事件。这些涉核谣言不仅影响了核能发展，也带来许多社会不稳定因素。本研究旨在通过研究涉核谣言的特点以及传播意愿，帮助政府和涉核企业更有效地辟谣。本研究主要结合框架理论，将框架分类为问题定义、原因分析、道德评价和对策建议，分析涉核谣言中的不同框架影响。通过（1）涉核谣言框架影响及辟谣效果实验，（2）涉核谣言框架影响的眼动实验和（3）涉核谣言传播意愿的影响因素实验，对涉核谣言特点进行量化分析，并建立涉核谣言传播意愿的结构方程。实验（1）、（3）由江西彭泽的150名被试先后完成。他们首先阅读改编后含四个框架的“核雾染”谣言，完成心理测量问卷，回答他们对不同框架的情绪、认同以及传播意愿；并回答关于心理距离、风险感知、熟悉度、权威度、谣言认同程度、环境意识和谣言传播意愿的问题。完成后，被试分为三组分别阅读不同类型的辟谣材料（简单辟谣、逻辑辟谣、动机辟谣）。之后测量他们能否正确分辨谣言中的不实内容以及对原谣言的传播意愿。实验（2）在眼动实验室进行，由30名北京当地被试参与。实验测量他们在阅读三篇含有四个框架的涉核谣言时，对每个框架的注视时间和注视次数，完成每篇后测量他们对不同框架的传播意愿。数据分析可得，实验（1）中四个框架在认同层面上的影响没有显著差异，而对策建议框架在情绪和传播意愿上的影响显著高于其他框架。后续的辟谣实验中，阅读动机辟谣的组在分辨不实信息上的得分显著低于简单辟谣组和逻辑辟谣组；而阅读逻辑辟谣的组辟谣后对原谣言的传播意愿显著高于其余两组。实验（2）眼动实验的结果显示，道德评价框架在注视时间和注视次数上的数据都显著高于其他框架，说明被试在此花费了更多的认知努力。 实验（3）的结构方程模型发现，对谣言的认同程度，对传谣者的权威认同度以及环境意识都直接地正向影响涉核谣言的传播意愿，对核能的风险感知和心理距离则会间接正向影响传谣意愿。在此基础上，本研究为地方政府、涉核企业和当地媒体提出了应对涉核谣言和风险沟通方面的建议。
Due to the worse environmental problems, nuclear power, as one of the clean energies receives great attention. During the development of nuclear power in China, the low public acceptance of nuclear power always remains an obstacle. Many rumours that exaggerate the risks of nuclear arise frequently and quickly spread out among people. Some of these even lead to mass incidents. These nuclear rumours not only influence the development of nuclear industries but also bring great unstable factors to society. Therefore, this study aims to help local government and nuclear companies to better deal with nuclear rumours, through studying the characteristics of nuclear rumour and its transmission intention.This study mainly uses Framing Theory that divides rumours into problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation categories to analyse the influences of framings in nuclear rumour. This study conducts 3 psychological experiments to do a quantitative analysis of nuclear rumour characteristics and sets up a Structural Equation Model (SEM) for the influencing factors of nuclear rumour transmission intention. They are Experiment 1 of nuclear rumour framing effect and its refutation result, Experiment 2 of eye tracking experiment of nuclear rumour framing effect，and Experiment 3 of influencing factors of nuclear rumour transmission intention. Experiment 1 and 3 were conducted in sequence. 150 interviewees from Pengze, Jiangxi Province participated in. They were first asked to read a piece of rumour about radioactive smog that was revised into four frames. Then they were asked to complete a measurement questionnaire, in which they were supposed to rate their emotion, agreement and transmission intention towards each frame. They were also asked to answer some questions about psychological distance, environmental concern, risk perception, familiarity, authority, agreement, and rumour transmission intention. After fulfilling all of the questions above, interviewees were divided into three groups to read three types of refutation (simple refutation, logical refutation, and motivation refutation) separately. Then their ability to distinguish truth from rumour and their intention of transmitting the original rumour were tested. Experiment 2 was conducted in eye tracking lab in Beijing and 30 local interviewees participated in. The experiment collected their fixation duration and number of fixations of each frame when they were reading three pieces of rumours that contained four frames.Data analysis indicates that there is no significant difference among four frames effect on agreement in Experiment 1, and the treatment recommendation frame has significant effect on emotion and transmission intention. In the following refutation result test, interviewees who read the motivation refutation have a significantly lower ability to distinguish truth from rumour than the other groups. Interviewees who read logical refutation have a significantly higher level of rumour transmission intention than the other groups. In Experiment 2, the fixation duration and number of fixations of moral evaluation are significantly higher than the other frames, indicating that interviewees investing more efforts reading this frame.The SEM model of Experiment 3 reveals that agreement, authority of rumour sources and environmental concern will positively influence the nuclear rumour transmission intention directly, while risk perception of nuclear and psychological distance towards nuclear have positive influence on transmission intention indirectly.In the end, this study provides suggestions to local government, nuclear companies and media on how to better deal with nuclear rumours and how to do better risk communication based on the above research findings.
