关于自我和自我相关信息在认知加工中的作用，之前的大多数研究表明自我相关的刺激在注意、知觉、记忆、决策等各个方面的认知过程中都具有加工优势。本研究聚焦了自我信息在朝向这一基础视觉特征加工中对认知过程的影响，试图在之前研究的基础上，探究自我信息是否能够对视知觉加工中的感觉加工等更为基础的认知过程产生影响，在目前自我加工的相关理论的基础上更进一步地明确自我在认知加工中的地位和作用。本研究首先通过研究一，以不同空间频率的光栅图形为实验刺激，以经典自我连接任务为实验范式，让被试学习朝向-身份连接关系并判断出现的刺激和文字代表的身份意义是否匹配，探究了朝向-身份连接关系的加工中是否存在自我优势效应。而在研究二中，被试首先需要进行自我连接任务以学习朝向-身份的连接关系，之后他们被要求完成简单的朝向辨别任务，并被记录在朝向辨别任务中的电生理数据。在研究二中，我们试图探究朝向-身份连接关系建立后，朝向对应的身份信息是否能在朝向的视知觉加工中产生影响，并通过行为学和电生理学数据以及学习阶段和朝向辨别阶段各因变量之间的相关、中介关系，探究自我加工的特异性是否也出现在朝向加工的过程中并探究自我信息的影响具体出现在朝向加工的哪个阶段。研究一的结果反映出被试在进行朝向-身份连接任务时，对朝向-身份意义匹配条件下自我相关的朝向反应更快更好，具体表现为对自我相关的朝向反应时更低、d’更大。这一结果表明，虽然光栅刺激的空间频率不同，即刺激本身不同，但朝向作为一种刺激的特征属性，也可以和身份信息建立连接关系，并且自我相关的连接在对这种朝向-身份连接关系的加工中表现加工优势。而在研究二中，学习阶段的结果反映出被试在学习次数和d’值上表现出自我加工优势，在一定程度上重复了研究一的结果。而在朝向辨别任务阶段，虽然被试在反应时、正确率等行为学数据上没有表现出身份信息对朝向加工的影响，但是对朝向辨别任务中电生理学数据以及相关、中介分析的结果表明，被试在朝向加工中的早期感觉加工阶段、注意阶段等各个阶段都存在自我加工的特异性，并且这种自我加工的调节在一定程度上反映了自我相关信息在认知加工中的优势效应。总的来说，研究一和研究二的结果表明了朝向作为一种特征属性能够与身份信息建立起连接关系，并且自我相关连接能在连接加工中表现出加工优势。同时，对于朝向辨别任务来说，在成功建立起朝向-身份连接关系后，虽然身份信息没有在外显地影响

There is a large amount of evidence now indicating that people are biased towards information associated with themselves compared with information associated with other people. These self-bias effects are found in memory, trait judgements, face perception, and even on simple perceptual matching and shape discrimination tasks with stimuli that are associated with the self or others. The biases may reflect a basic aspect of human information processing, to optimize survival by processing priority to stimuli associated with ourselves.The previous researchers also proposed that self-reference might affect cognitive processing like attention, memory and decision making and might work to combine different cognitive processes. In order to investigate whether self-reference could ever influence on the basic processing like sensory detection, here we used 2 studies to investigate whether the self could affect the basic orientation discrimination processing. Study 1 used the classic self-association task to test if orientation itself, as a visual feature rather than a certain stimulus, could be associated with the social identities of self and others. Study 2 consisted of 2 part: the first part was a learning task aimed to build strong associations between the orientation feature and social identity information; the second part was a simple visual task with EEG measurements which was designed to see whether the associations established in the first part could affect the basic visual processing.The results of these studies showed that social identity information of self and others could be associated with the orientation and there was a self-prioritization effect in the association task used in study 1. Although there was no significant self-bias in the behavioral measures in study 2 in orientation discrimination task, the results of ERPs, time-frequency analysis revealed significant self-biases in cognitive phases like sensory detection, attention. In conclusion, orientation as a visual feature could be associated with social identity information and the self-prioritization effect was found in the orientation-identity association task. Also while the orientation-identity association had been well established, the electrophysiological data showed that self-reference has significant effects on the orientation discrimination processing.