20世纪后半叶以来，在体外受精、试管婴儿等技术的基础上出现了代孕生育技术。然而，代孕犹如一把“达摩克利斯之剑”，它虽然解决了女性的不孕问题，但也对现行的伦理道德和法律规范提出了挑战。代孕已经打开了道德与法律争论的“潘多拉魔盒”，这一新的生育形式引起是否促使生育的商品化、是否造成剥削、是否带来伤害以及是否引发不公正等问题的伦理争论。 本文所讨论的代孕类型主要是合理补偿的“妊娠型代孕”，其代孕的伦理正当性亦指合理补偿“妊娠型代孕”的伦理正当性。对于代孕是否促使生育的商品化来说，这一争论主要体现在代孕是否促使代孕母亲子宫的工具化和婴儿的商品化两个方面，争论的本质在于代孕母亲是否享有身体自主权和不孕女性是否享有生育自主权。本文基于对自主、身体权和生育权等概念的重新界定，论证了代孕母亲享有身体自主权以及不孕女性享有生育自主权。代孕不仅没有促使代孕母亲子宫工具化和婴儿商品化，反而是“生殖自主”的体现；对于代孕是否造成剥削来说，这一争论的本质在于代孕双方是否有签订代孕契约的自由。本文基于积极有利原则和效用原则论证了代孕不仅没有对代孕母亲造成剥削，反而对代孕母亲和受术夫妻有利。代孕是“生殖有利”的体现；对于代孕是否带来伤害来说，这一争论的本质在于代孕是否违背公序良俗以及是否伤害代孕母亲。基于密尔的无伤害原则，本文在澄清“伤害”和“影响”概念不同的基础上，论证了代孕对代孕母亲造成的不是“伤害”而是“影响”。代孕是“无伤害”的体现；对于代孕是否引发不公正问题来说，这一争论由跨国代孕引起，争论的本质在于对公正原则的不同理解。本文基于丹尼尔斯的疾病与健康理论论证了不孕女性是最少受惠群体并且不孕症也是一种疾病，她们享有合理且最低限度的均等机会。代孕不仅没有引发不公正，反而更加体现了公正。代孕是“生殖公正”的体现。相比国外逐步开放合理补偿“妊娠型代孕”的现状，指出我国政府一刀切地、完全禁止代孕的滞后性。本文认为，为了确保不孕女性生育权的实现以及防止代孕生育技术的滥用，我国生命伦理学领域应当为合理补偿“妊娠型代孕”的伦理正当性作出论证，并建议政府相关部门及时制定有关法律来引导代孕实践。 本文以伦理学为视角，运用伦理学─社会学交叉学科等研究方法，首先概括了代孕的历史、发展和类型（第2章）；其次分析了代孕是否促使代孕母亲工具化和婴儿商品化（第3章）、是否造成剥削（第4章）、是否带来伤害（第5章

Since the second half of the 20th century, there has been the surrogate technology on the basis of technology of in vitro fertilization and test-tube baby. However, the surrogacy is the “Sword of Damocles”. Although it solves the problem of female’s infertility, it also has brought on great challenges to the current ethics and legal norms. The surrogacy has opened up the “Pandora's Box”of controversies about morality and law, and this new reproductive form has led to many ethical controversies, such as whether to promote the commercialization, whether to cause the exploitation, whether to do harms and whether to lead to the injustice. A surrogate type discussed in the thesis is mainly “gestational surrogacy”of reasonable compensation, and the ethical justification of surrogacy also refers to the ethical justification of “gestational surrogacy” of reasonable compensation. For whether the surrogacy promotes the commercialization of fertility, this argument is mainly embodied whether surrogacy promotes the womb’s tool of surrogate mother and commercialization of child.This argument focuses on whether the surrogate mother has the right of physical autonomy and the infertile woman enjoys the right of reproductive autonomy. Based on the redefinition of the concepts of autonomy, physical right and reproductive right, the thesis demonstrates that the surrogate mother has the right of physical autonomy and the infertile woman enjoys the right of reproductive autonomy. The surrogacy does not promote the tool of surrogate mother and commercialization of child, but it is an embodiment of the “reproductive autonomy”. For whether surrogacy causes the exploitation, this argument addresses the question as to whether the surrogate parties enjoy freedom that sign the contract. Based on the principle of positive beneficence and principle of utility, the thesis demonstrates that the surrogacy is of benefit to both surrogate mother and intended parents instead of causing exploitation to surrogate mother. The surrogacy is an embodiment of “reproductive benefit”.For whether surrogacy does the harm, this discussion centers on whether the surrogacy is contrary to the public order and good customs, and whether it harms the surrogate mother. Based on Mill's Principle of Harmlessness, the thesis clarifies the difference between “harm” and “impact”, and the author argues that the surrogacy is not “harm” but“impact” to the surrogate mother. The surrogacy is a reflection of “harmlessness”. For whether surrogacy leads to the injustice, this debate is caused by cross-border surrogacy, and the essence of this debate lies in the different interpretations for principle of justice. Based on Daniel’s disease-health theory, the thesis claims that infertile women are the least beneficiaries and infertility is also a kind of disease, and they enjoy the reasonable and minimum equal opportunities. Rather than lead to the injustice, the surrogacy reflects more fairness. The surrogacy is the reflection of “reproductive justice”. Compared to the policy that encourages the gradual opening of “gestational surrogacy” in some foreign countries,the author points out that the surrogacy forbiddance implemented by Chinese government completely is out of mode. This thesis concludes that ethical justification of “gestational surrogacy” of reasonable compensation should be demonstrated by China's bioethics field and the author suggests that the relevant government departments timely formulate laws to guide the practice of surrogacy, in order to ensure the realization of the reproductive right of infertile women and to prevent the abuse of surrogate technology. From the perspective of ethics, by using the research method of ethics-sociology interdisciplinary, the thesis firstly summarizes the history, development and type of surrogacy (Chapter2); Secondly analyzes whether the surrogacy promotes the womb’s tool of surrogate mother and commercialization of child(Chapter3), whether it causes the exploitation(Chapter 4), whether it does the harm (Chapter5), whether it leads to the injustice (Chapter 6); Finally puts forward the strategies and suggestions to guide the sound development of surrogacy (Chapter7).