楚国历史地理是楚国史研究的重要基础。近年的出土文献，尤其是清华简《楚居》、《系年》，为推进楚国历史地理研究提供了重要资料支撑。本文利用这些新资料对先楚、楚武王、文王及昭王三个时段的若干楚国历史地理问题进行了探索。利用《楚居》对先楚史地的四个内容进行了梳理探论：第一，梳理并辨析了楚族起源的各种说法，并对《楚居》所记季连初居的騩山地望诸说进行比较、考辨，认同郑州具茨山说，此说代表了楚族起源的北来说。第二，梳理考辨了楚得名、荆得名及荆楚关系的研究情况。《楚居》解决了楚得名问题，但对荆得名及荆楚关系问题没有推进。第三，对《楚居》所记楚先祖居处及迁徙所经之地进行了详尽辑证，试图辨析异说，缩小分歧。第四，学界利用《楚居》夷屯等地名资料对丹阳进行了探索，目前丹阳为区域名，夷屯为丹阳内具体地名的说法最为近实。研究《楚居》等出土文献所记楚君居处，包括对这些居处的性质及地望进行研究两个方面的内容。本文将楚君居处的性质初步分为五类：单称之“郢”专指楚国都城；其它居处的性质是别都、重要城邑、地理区域或宫殿。对楚武王、文王、昭王时期的居处地望进行细致深入地考辨后，有以下认识：免郢最有可能在荆州纪南城， 郢可能就是位于荆州长江之滨的渚宫，樊郢地望在信阳古樊国故城比在襄阳樊城更近于事实，秦溪之上地望虽不能定讞，但不在安徽亳州之乾溪已成共识，鄂郢地望最有可能在南阳以北的汉代西鄂县。《系年》第二章记载“楚文王以启于汉阳”，第五章记载楚文王“圾 于汝”、“改旅于陈，焉取顿以赣陈侯”，在细致疏解这些珍贵资料的基础上，对楚地“汉阳”的地望、早期应国的存灭、楚文王威服陈国的策略等问题进行了深入探究。吴师入郢是令楚国濒于灭亡的大事件，利用新出清华简《楚居》《系年》等资料可以推进相关研究，甚至解决一些疑难问题。鸡父之战是入郢的征兆，将鸡父定位于凤台县西北，使得鸡父之战的形势得以正确复原。冥阨三塞位于信阳以南豫鄂交界处，吴师入郢是从这里进入楚国江汉腹地的。吴师并未从泌阳县一带破方城而入楚腹地，也没有选择从麻城以北的关塞进军。目前吴师攻破的郢都以定在纪南城为宜，将吴师所入的郢视为“为郢”应当审慎。秦楚联军反攻吴师，大败吴师的“沂（析）”地在随州东郊淅河镇一带。
Historical geography of Chu State is the important basis of research on Chu history. Unearthed literature in recent years, especially Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscripts Chuju and Xinian, provide data support for promoting academic research on historical geography of Chu State. This paper uses new materials to research the historical geography problems of Chu in three periods. The three periods include Pre-Chu, King Wu and Wen of Chu and King Zhao of Chu.This paper tries to combe existing research in four aspects of Pre-Chu historical geography and explore them further through Chuju. Firstly, variety of versions about the origin of Chu nationality are combed and analyzed. And also, different views on Guishan’s location are compared and investigated in this part. Guishan should be located in Mount Juci in Zhengzhou, which represents the opinion that Chu nationality originated in the north. Secondly, how the name of Chu came, how the name of Jing came as well as the current research status of Jing and Chu’s relationship are discussed. Chuju solves the problem that how Chu got its name, however, the other two problems can’t be adcanved though it. Thirdly, Chuju records ancestral residence of Chu and the passing places where Jilian migrated. The academic circles have different views about the location of those places. This paper attempts to analyze different views and narrow the differences. Fourthly, the academic circles have explored Danyang by making use of Yitun and other place name data in Chu Ju. The more actual conclusion is that Danyang should be a region name, and Yitun is located in it as a specific place name.Study on Kings of Chu’s residences written in Chuju and other unearthed literature includes two aspects: residences’s properties and their location. The properties of Kings of Chu’s residences can be divided into five categories preliminarily: the single call ＂Ying＂ refers to the capital of Chu exclusively; other residences belong to provisional capitals, important cities, regions or palaces. Carrying out a thorough study on the location of King Wu, Wen and Zhao of Chu’s residences, the conclusions can be drawn as: Mianying is most likely in Ji’nancheng of Jingzhou. Shuying may be Zhu Palace which is on the Changjiang River in Jingzhou. Fanying may be located in Fancheng in Xiangyang or the capital of ancient Fan state in Xinyang, and the latter seems more likely. The location of Qinxizhishang can’t be determined, but it has become a consensus that Qinxizhishang is not Qianxi in Bozhou of Anhui Province. E’ying is most likely Xi’e County of Han dynasty in the north of Nanyang City.The second chapter of Xinian records “楚文王以启于汉阳”，and the fifth chapter records “圾 于汝”“改旅于陈，焉取顿以赣陈侯”. On the basis of careful analysis of these precious materials, the following problems are studied in depth: the Scope of Hanyang in Chu State, the collapse of early Ying State, the strategy of King Wen of Chu overawing Chen State, and so on.Wu army sweeping into Ying is a big matter which made Chu on the verge of perishment. If we take advantage of Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscripts Chuju and Xinian published in recent years and other materials, the related research work can be promoted and even some difficult problems can be solved. Battle of Jifu is the sign of Wu army sweeping into Ying. Jifu should be located in the northwest of Fengtai County, which helps correctly restore the geographical situation of the Battle of Jifu. Ming’e Three Pass are located to the south of Xinyang at the junction of Henan and Hubei. Wu army entered the Jianghan hinterland of Chu State from here, not from Fangcheng in Biyang County. Moreover, Wu army didn’t choose to enter from the forts in the north of the Macheng County either. At present, Capital Ying that Wu broke should be located in Ji’nancheng. Regarding Capital Ying as ＂Weiying＂ should be cautious. Xi（Yi） where Qin and Chu armies defeated Wu is located in Xihe Town area in the eastern suburbs of Suizhou.
