作为清代重要的思想家，章学诚对史学之义的研求往往借助于经学的形式。《文史通义》开篇即为《易教》、《书教》、《诗教》，后来他又撰成《礼教》，唯独对“春秋教”付诸阙如。章学诚的经学观是以何种方式建构的？与其史学思想和政治观是如何关联的？是一个值得关注的问题。尽管由于种种原因，章氏没有最终写成“春秋教”，但在一定意义上，章学诚的《春秋》观是理解章氏经史思想的一大关键，也是章学诚思想体系中内在张力的一个体现。本文以此为切入点，在系统梳理历代《春秋》学流变的基础上，通过将章氏《春秋》观与西汉今文经学、东汉古文经学、刘知几、宋明儒者及清代王官之学和考据学之间进行了区分，对章学诚“《春秋》观”及其“《春秋》流于史学”等思想进行考察。《周官》与《周易》是章学诚文史校雠之学的重要来源，也是其“六经皆史”、“改制”等历史观的经学来源。在关于诸经的各篇中，章学诚以《易教》开篇，以《礼教》殿后，在章学诚思想体系中两者地位不可或缺。在一定意义上，章学诚既是一个制度主义者，同时又注重变化和事势，这一趋向的形成，与他的《周官》观和《易》学观密不可分。本文试图考察章学诚取裁和使用《周易》和《周礼》方式，以便对章学诚政治和历史观的形成及其特点进行解析。章学诚的经史观的形成本身也是历史的。章学诚所处的乾嘉时期的学术主流是考据学。他对义理、考据、辞章三种学术风气皆有所不满。具体来说，他不满于宋儒“空谈心性”但肯定其“躬行实践”，甚至将宋儒“敬恕”等思想运用于文史批评领域，其“史德”、“史意”等概念也因此具有很强的义理学特征。他对考据学多有批评却身处乾嘉考据学群体包围之中；他批评戴震，却与戴震共享着许多前提；他基于古文的立场对袁枚以及桐城派的古文义法也有所不满。本文通过比较的视野，对章学诚的思想与其时代之间的互动进行分析，以考察其思想形成的时代性背景。另外，通过对晚清“章学诚接受史”的分析，我们一方面可以明确以上的线索，另一方面从中可以分析章学诚与道咸经世思想之关系。总之，本文试图通过源流互质的方法对章学诚的经学观进行梳理，探究其渊源，辨析其流变，进而探究其“六经皆史”、“官师合一”等命题的意蕴以及章学诚政治和历史观的形成。
As an important thinker in the Qing Dynasty,Zhang Xue-cheng ’s historiography of inquiry after tend to form with the help of the Confucian classics. "Wenshitongyi" opening is easy to teach, "Yijiao", "Shijiao", in his later years,Zhang Xue-cheng again from "Lijiao", "Chunqiujiao" is model-driven. In what ways of constructing the concept ofZhang Xue-cheng's classics? With historiography thought and political view is how they relate to? Is a concern. Although due to various reasons, finally there is no final written as "Chunqiujiao", but in a sense,Zhang Xue-cheng's view of the Chunqiu is a key to understanding the thought that finally the history, also is Zhang Xue-cheng thought system of the inner tension of a reflection. As a breakthrough point, this paper learned in system combing of Chunqiu, on the basis of the rheological will finally through Chunqiu and those of the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty prose, Liu zhi-tong, the song Confucian classics and a surname in the Qing Dynasty was carried out to distinguish between learning and textology, to Zhang Xue-cheng "view of the Chunqiu " and " Chunqiu " superficial historiography thoughts. Zhouguan and zhouyi are important sources of Zhang Xue-cheng textual criticism of literature and history study, as well as the "Liujingjieshi", "Guanshiheyi" and other historical sources of Confucian classics. In about all the breaks down,Zhang Xue-cheng start with the easy to teach, to "ethical code" behind the house, both in Zhang Xue-cheng thought system status is indispensable. In a sense,Zhang Xue-cheng is both a system, to change and what the potential at the same time, the formation of this tendency, and his "Zhouguan" and "Zhouyi" concepts are inseparable. This paper attempts to examine Zhang Xue-cheng get laid off and use the Zhouyi and the way of "rites", so that the formation and characteristics of Zhang Xue-cheng political and historical parsing. Zhang xue-cheng via the formation of history itself is historical.Zhang Xue-cheng of Qianjia period of the academic mainstream in fact. Specifically, he is dissatisfied with the Song School ‘s "Kongtanxinxing" but certainly the "Gongxingshijian", and even thoughts such as the Song School ‘s "Jing Shu" are used in the field of literature criticism, the concept of "Shide", "Shiyi" and other theoretical learning and therefore has a strong character. In this paper, by comparing the field of vision, to Zhang Xue-cheng's thought and analyzed the interaction between times, to examine its thought form of epoch background. In addition, through the analysis of the "zhang xue-cheng acceptance history" in late Qing Dynasty, we can clear above clue on the one hand, on the other hand we can analysis the relationship between Zhang Xue-cheng and salty, classic thoughts. All in all, this paper is based on the history of Zhang Xue-cheng, through the origin co-prime method, through the view of Zhang Xue-cheng Confucian classics of comb, and probe into its "Liujingjieshi", "Guanshiheyi" proposition connotation as well as the formation of Zhang Xue-cheng politics and history, probe into its origin, analysis of its rheology. Specifically, this article mainly from the view of Confucian classics, historiography, and Zhang Xue-cheng in Qianjia academic in the network circumstance and the late Qing Dynasty, to acceptance of the idea of Zhang Xue-cheng explore the formation and the rheological and thought.
