随着生态思潮的兴起和经济全球化的发展，许多被学界忽视的因素开始对翻译产生影响，翻译系统论开始显出其局限性：1）只关注社会政治和文化系统，忽略了自然系统和社会经济系统对翻译的影响；2）将译者的抉择全部归于不同系统的影响，忽略了行为主体所能发挥的主观能动性；3）只提供理论框架，并不具体分析各系统如何影响了译本的选择、翻译和接受。因此，本研究借用社会生态学有关“自然-社会复合系统”、“人类行为主体”以及“生态平衡”的概念，将自然系统、社会经济系统以及译者主体作用纳入翻译系统，从而将“翻译系统论”拓展至“社会生态翻译系统论”，并以“海外版权神话”《狼图腾》的英、法翻译作为研究个案来分析论证“社会生态翻译系统论”的合理性和可操作性。首先，翻译是自然-社会复合系统的子系统，既具有所有系统的标志性特征，比如自体创生、封闭运行、自律与他律等，又受到整个系统环境的影响。显然，《狼图腾》的英、法翻译不仅分别受到了不同政治、文化系统的操控，还受到了各自自然系统和社会经济系统的影响。但是值得注意的是即使在相同的系统环境下，由于时代的变化以及文本的个体差异，各系统对单个翻译行为的影响力并不一样。其次，在社会生态翻译系统中，系统环境的他律和译者的主体作用是不可分割的两部分。一方面，系统环境的他律可以直接表现为为翻译系统制造规范或者间接地将翻译规范通过各种手段内化于译者的集体无意识之中；但另一方面，这些翻译规范通常只能通过译者的践行来保证实施，而对规范的内化程度也会随个体差异而呈现出不同，且这种内化也并非对自然与社会客观结构完全被动的反应，译者仍有创新的可能。当然，译者的主体创新作用通常会受到系统中权力差异以及自身在系统中的位置的影响。在《狼图腾》的英、法翻译过程中，两位译者都在各自有限的范围内充分发挥了其主体性作用，英、法译本分别是译者与环境系统中多位行为主体竞争和妥协的结果。最后，社会生态翻译系统论提倡社会生态平衡的翻译伦理。《狼图腾》成功译介的意义就在于其英、法译本为了追求源系统与目的系统之间的平衡和互补所做出的种种努力。由于翻译的差异属性是导致系统环境失衡和动荡的主要原因之一，因而“互惠互利”的翻译才是中国文化走出去的合理有效途径。

With the boom of ecological thoughts and progress of economic globalization, more and more covert and inconspicuous factors are going to exert their corresponding influences on translation, which, to some extent, facilitate the exposition of limitations of the theory of translation system:1) the theory is confined to social-cultural and political systems and overlooks the influences of natural system and social-economic system over translation; 2) in the theoretical framework, all the translation choices by translators are attributed to the influences of different systems, and the subjective initiative presented by translators are ignored totally; 3) translation system theory, only presenting a general theoretical framework, couldn’t make any detailed analysis on how different systems exert their influence on the selection, translation and acceptance of target texts. Therefore, this research, resorting to various concepts of social-ecology such as “natural-social complex system”, “subject of human behavior” and “ecological balance”, brings natural system, social-economic system and translator’s subjective initiative into the translation system, expands the boundary of “Theory of Translation System” to “Social-Ecological Translation System”, and finally, through the case study on English and French translations of Wolf Totem which were honored as “oversea copyright legend”, confirms the rationality and feasibility of “Social-Ecological Translation System”.To begin with, as one of the sub-systems of natural-social complex system, translation not only bears all the symbolic features affiliated to other systems such as being autopoietic, operational closure, heteronomy and autonomy, but also is deeply influenced by the system environment. Obviously, the English and French translations of Wolf Totem were not only manipulated by their respective social-cultural and political systems, but also influenced by their different natural systems and social-economical systems. However, even in the same system environment, the systems’ influences on individual translations are different among different texts with the progress of time. Next, in social-ecological translation system, the heteronomy from system environment and the subjective initiative presented by translator are indispensable and inseparable just like two sides of a coin. On the one hand, the system environment can exert its influences directly by generating the norms for translation and indirectly by internalizing the norms in translators’ collective unconsciousness through various approaches. On the other hand, translators are the actual implementers of the norms, and owing to the different degrees of internalization among translators and translators’ non-mechanical responses to this internalization, there still exists initiative and innovative probability for translators. Of course, the translators’ subjectivity will inevitably be influenced by the power relation of systems as well as translators’ position in it. In the process of English and French translations of Wolf Totem, both two translators have presented their initiative roles as much as possible within their limitations, and the two translations are results of competition and compromises between the translators and all the other behaviors of system environment. Last but not least, the theory of Social-Ecological Translation System advocates the translation ethics based on the balance of social-ecology, and the significance of two successful translations of Wolf Totem lies exactly in the translators’ efforts in pursuing the subtle balance and reciprocal complement between the original system and the target system. Since the difference and discrepancy of translation is one of the main forces causing unbalance and turmoil of the holistic social-ecological system, a translation of reciprocal prosperity is an effective and reasonable way for Chinese culture to go outside to the world.