随着“一带一路”战略的提出，沿线国家与中国的国际教育合作和人才交流更加密切，泰国是“一带一路”东南亚地区的中心国家，近几年来华和赴泰留学生数量也有明显的增长，在“一带一路”战略背景下，这些影响因素如何更好的服务于中泰双方留学生的发展和中泰两国的教育合作。本研究基于阿特巴赫（Altbach）“推拉理论”，结合中泰双向留学的特点，提出了生活环境、文化兴趣、教育质量、入学机会、就业发展、国际形势（一带一路）六个维度的影响因素分析框架。本研究采用了问卷调查和深度访谈两种研究方法，制定了《中泰大学生双向留学的影响因素研究》中国留学生和泰国留学生的两份调查问卷，回收了112份赴泰中国留学生以及180份来华泰国留学生的有效问卷数据，同时对22位中泰大学生进行访谈调查，综合分析了影响中泰大学生双向留学的因素。另外，本研究重点对“一带一路”政策给中泰双向留学的影响进行了深入分析，并结合个别院校已有“一带一路”奖学金项目、专业设置等案例分析“一带一路”的人才联合培养需求和推进计划。研究得出以下结果：（1）中国学生赴泰留学的前五个主要“拉力”因素：自然环境、生活方式、入学门槛低、语言要求不高、泰国文化和饮食；（2）泰国学生来华留学的前五个主要“拉力”因素：发展前景和商机、中国文化的吸引、较好的教育和研究设施、政府提供的奖学金及大学的声誉；（3）中国学生赴泰留学的“推力”因素主要包括：毕业后就业压力大、小语种有就业优势、中国学习压力大、中国的生活压力大，中国高校学费高、高考成绩不理想、中国就业更看重国外学位等；（4）泰国学生来华留学的“推力”因素主要包括：中文有就业优势、泰国就业更看重国外学位、毕业后就业竞争市场压力大、泰国的课程内容、教学法和学习方式等。同时本研究发现，在《推进共建“一带一路”教育行动》颁布之后各院校在一带一路人才培养上也有相应的举措，但留学生群体对于一带一路政策的认知以及对其发展的影响仍存在一定局限性。基于研究结论，本文建议中泰政府在“一带一路”战略实施后进一步推进两国的教育合作，完善留学生管理工作的组织机制和保障体系，设立“一带一路”沿线国家奖学金的专门机构，使得双方教育合作前景更加广阔，并在 “一带一路”沿线国家中发挥出示范和引领的作用。

After the establishment of “One Belt, One Road”, the international collaboration between China and participated countries has become more intimated. Thailand is the national center for the “One Belt, One Road” in Southeast Asia. The numbers of Chinese and Thai exchange students have continued increasing. This paper aims to study the influencing factors of Chinese and Thai university students by analyzing the background of “One Belt, One Road” strategy as well as to understand and develop a better way to serve Chinese students study in Thailand and Thai students study in China for further collaboration. This study is based on Philip G. Altbach on “Push and Pull” theory with a combination of China and Thailand’s characteristics. The influencing factors are living environment, cultural interest, quality of education, enrollment opportunity, career development, country’s situation. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by conducting questionnaire and an in-depth interview. The questionnaire is divided into two different forms, one for Chinese students study in Thailand and another for Thai students study in China. There were 112 respondents and 180 respondents for Chinese and Thai students respectively. For an in-depth interview, 22 Thai students (including undergraduates, graduate students, exchange and language students) participated. This research also focused on the analysis of the influence of “One Belt, One Road” policy. The research results are s followed: (1) The top five “Pull” factors for Chinese students in Thailand are natural environment, standard of living, acceptable language requirement, Thai culture, food and beverages. (2) The top five “Pull” factors for Thai students in China are: prospect for development in business opportunities, Chinese culture attraction, better education and research facilities, scholarships and the reputation of university. (3) “Push” factors for Chinese students to Thailand: after graduation employment pressure, ad advantage of minor language in career path, study pressure in China, stressful life in China, high tuition fee, university’s entrance exam score is not ideal or as expected, and companies tend to look for people who has a foreign degree. (4) The “Push” factors for Thai students studying in China are: an opportunity for employment, companies tend to look for foreign degree, a competitive market in job hunting after graduation, Thailand’s education system including teaching and learning methods, etc. At the same time, the study has found that the after issue of “One Belt, One Road Education Plan”, several institutions also have corresponding measurement in training program; however, the policy and its effect on cognitive development still exists some limitations. Based on the research conclusion, the researcher highly recommends both Thai and Chinese governments, in the implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” strategy to further promote educational collaboration. This includes improving the student’s management system, and initiate a specific “One Belt, One Road” scholarship organization. This would broaden and expand the program’s reputation and be known among other nations.