雍正二年，官修典籍《圣谕广训》出版以后，出现一批解释《圣谕广训》的白话材料，这批材料反映出19世纪吴方言白话的语言面貌。本文以其中吴语版《圣谕广训直解》（佚名，清抄本）为主要研究对象，探索19世纪清末吴方言中特征词之使用情况及其演变。本文不是孤立地就一个吴语文献的研究而研究，而是建立在对官话本《圣谕广训衍》《圣谕广训直解》对译基础上而形成的吴语材料的比较研究。与已有研究相比，本文采用了新材料、新方法，利用对这部尚未得到充分语言学挖掘的材料——吴语版《圣谕广训直解》，结合词汇学研究方法与理论成果进行描写与分析。本文首先介绍了研究对象吴语版《圣谕广训直解》之由来，概述本文之选题意义与价值——包括白话之于方言发展的影响、方言本之于特征词的研究价值，并介绍了本文的研究思路与方法。第2至4章是本文的主体部分，通过对官话口语两种和吴语口语土话一种之对比，发现了吴语版《圣谕广训直解》中存在一批具有吴方言特点的用词与用句现象——两种官话本的表达基本相同，吴语使用了特殊的词句，而这批特殊词句带有吴语特征，本文分析亦是建立在异文对照基础上结合用例进行的具体论述。通过分析吴语版《圣谕广训直解》中具有地域或历时特点的吴语特征词，如“事体”“前日子今\明朝”“中牲”“末脚”“外头\边”“场化\户荡\里向”，“相帮”“坍偬\铳”“白相”“囥”“该当”“晓得”，“伲\侬\?\伊（拉）”“鞋里啥”“什介”，“末口末”，“一眼\埃”“多\都化”，“弗（如）呒勿（要）无（得）”“齐”“刻刻”，“登拉”“撘撘是”，“是”“仔”“咾”“面”“话\讲”“著”“痛”“快”“揩”“掽”等等，分析其吴语特征句式词法特点，如动补结构“V脱”“V得CO”“V不C”，问句结构“VP否”，“拨”给予句“之”完成句“淘”的使用等等，本文认为这部材料能部分反映明清时期吴方言之语言特点：（1）具有丰富的词汇系统；（2）一些特征词源自词汇历时发展的不同层面与历史阶段，有着方言或通语、书面语或口语等不同去向；（3）明清吴语中有消退的主导词成为旧词后的线索；（4）吴语发展受到汉语史词汇发展的整体趋势和官话发展的影响。
In the period of emperor Yongzheng’s reign (1724 in the Qing Dynasty), with the official ancient codes and records The Sacred Edict have been published , vernacular materials emergenced to make explanations, which reflected the vernacular language features of the Wu dialect in 19th Century. This paper analyzes the Wu dialectal version which is a translation of The Sacred Edict (Anonymous, hand copying in Qing Dynasty) among those vernacular materials, explores the usage and evolution of the characteristic words in Wu dialect during the later period of 19th Century. This paper begins with introducing the origination of the Wu version of the translation of The Sacred Edict, outlines the significance, value, influence of the materials, including several aspects of vernacular development and dialect characteristics in the first chapter. The main part of this paper are constructed by the second chapter to the fourth chapter, with comparisons made and characteristics of the Wu dialect words and sentences found from the three versions: the expressions are almost the same with each other in two mandarin versions but frequently different between the Wu version and the mandarin versions, since then we found the characteristic of the Wu dialect from those expressions. The paper points out that (1) several lexical features and syntactic features can be found in Wu dialect such as common nouns "shiti" , "rijiao , jinzhao , yetou" , "zhongsheng" , locative words "waitou , waibian", locative postposition "changhua , hudang , lixiang" , verbs "baixiang" , "xiaode" , "kang" , personal pronouns "ni , nong , nuo , yi(la)" , prepositions "da（shi）" , "deng（la）" , perfective markers "zai , shi, zhi" ,and structure features like "V+tuo", "V+de+CO", interrogative structure "VP+fou" , "a+VP", “bo” (used as a given mark ,causative mark, or passive mark) , ect. (2) The evolution and development of Chinese common words shows three conditions in the Wu dialect. Some old words are preserved in the dialect though it dies in common language (such as "kai , zhu" ), new words in Ming and Qing dynasty comes in the dialect (such as frequently used words "e , peng" ), some words like "xiaode" are constantly in use in the southern China . (3) Several characteristics may reflect the value of language typology research. For example, "hua" is used as speech verb, and "bo" and "na" are used as passive markers , which also reflects the southern dialect characteristics. (4) The development of Wu dialect is influenced by trend of evolution of mandarin. Such as the verb "e" are replaced byboth in Mandarin and Wu dialect. (5) It is valuable of the wording in dialect translation of The Sacred Edict of Wu Wu dialect. For instance, the pronoun "ge" , topic marker "mo" , negative words "fu" , auxiliary word "lao" , perfective marker "shi, zhi" and so on. In short, the dialect translation of The Sacred Edict of Wu Wu dialect is one of valuable vernacular materials linguistic research.
