随着以高速铁路、重载铁路为标志的铁路现代化建设迅猛发展，以及铁路运输业务的不断扩大，铁路职工的工作压力不断加大，影响铁路员工的工作状态和行车安全。为了减轻铁路员工压力，本论文意图了解铁路车务系统一线职工工作压力基本情况。本文以某车务段一线职工为研究对象，以工作压力量表（Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised， OSI-R）为研究工具，采用问卷调查、统计分析等方法，调查了铁路车务系统一线职工的工作压力情况。将调研结果与常模比较，论文进一步探讨当前铁路职工的压力大小，造成的紧张反应以及职工的应对资源情况，同时讨论了诸如性别、健康状况、工种岗位、管理满意度等人口学、社会学变量对职工工作压力的影响。通过研究，得出以下结论：与全职业压力常模相比，铁路车务系统一线职工的工作压力、个体应对资源的丰富程度显著低，而个体紧张反应程度显著高；车务人员内部，性别、年龄、工作年限、学历、岗位类别、是否班组长、作业场所、通勤情况、薪酬落差、对上级满意度、自身健康情况、家人健康情况、婚姻情况等因素会对一线职工工作压力产生显著影响；对一线职工工作压力影响最显著的是对上级管理方式的满意度，职工对上级的管理方式越满意，主观工作压力越小，紧张程度越轻，而职工应对压力的资源越丰富；自身（家人）健康状况对一线职工工作压力影响亦非常显著，职工自身（家人）健康状况越好，主观工作压力越小，身心紧张程度越轻，而职工应对压力的资源越丰富。结合管理实际，从控制职工工作压力来源，提高职工自身工作压力应对能力，丰富职工工作压力应对资源等三个方面初步制定了该车务段一线职工工作压力管理策略。

With the rapid development of railway modernization, which is marked by high speed railway and heavy haul railway, the work stress of railway employees is increasing. High work stress might endanger workers’ health and even generates high risks in railway system.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the occupational stress status of the frontline workers in railway train operation department, and the effect of demographic and sociological factors such as gender, health status on work stress. The survey was conducted among a Railway Traffic Departments’ frontline workers, questionnaire survey (Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised, OSI-R) and statistical analysis methods (T test, ANOVA) were conducted to analyze the results. Based on the survey, we could draw the following conclusions: job stress and coping resources of the frontline workers were significantly lower than whole occupations norms in 2004, while individual stress reaction was significantly higher than the norms; demographic and sociological factors would have significant impacts on the frontline workers work stress, such as gender, age, work experience, education, job category, job position, workplace environment, gap on salary expectation; among all demographic and sociological factors, the most significant effect on work stress is satisfaction with superior management, and higher satisfaction results in less subjective job stress, less tension, and more coping resources; The health status among employees and their family members had significant effect on work stress. Workers with better health status or health family had less subjective work stress, less tension, and more coping resources.Combined with real management experience, we got suggestions on stress management among railway employees from three aspects to manage stress: controlling stress sources, improving employees’ coping ability and enriching employees’ coping resource towards work stress.