新型城镇化的提出对城市发展提出了更高的要求,研究城市代谢有助于分析城市各组成部分物质和能量的流动,为践行新型城镇化提供方法和工具支持。邯郸市作为典型的资源型城市,近年来主要产业高投入、高耗能、高排放的现象并未得到根本改变,发展循环经济和产业共生,探索邯郸市的生态化转型具有重要意义。 本文采用物质流分析框架分析了邯郸市近20年(1995-2014年)的城市代谢情况,研究了主要产业对城市物质代谢的影响,并界定产业/城市共生的三种模式,测算了不同模式对于城市CO2减排的贡献。主要结论包括:1)邯郸市物质投入总量呈现上升趋势,由1995年的8807万t增长到2014年的26393万t,增长了2.00倍,平均每年以5.95%的速度增长。1995年邯郸市本地开采占总输入的77%,调入占总输入的23%,资源主要依赖本地开采。2005年,调入和本地开采比例发生了反转,调入比例达到51%。2014年,调入比例高达65%,说明邯郸市的经济发展已越来越依赖外地资源的调入,对区外的依存度逐渐升高。 2)邯郸市五大主导产业(煤炭行业、炼焦行业、钢铁行业、水泥行业、电力行业)输入物质总量逐年增加,由2005年的9906万t增长到2014年的23522万t,增长了1.37倍,年平均增长为4.65%。在本地开采资源中,钢铁行业所占比例由2005年20%上升到2014年32%。调入资源中,钢铁行业所占比例由2005年41%上升到2014年的66%,占邯郸市调入资源的一半以上。城市代谢输出端CO2排放量逐年上升,由1995年排放2775万t上升至2014年12215万t,20年增长了3.40倍,平均每年增长8.11%,五大行业对邯郸市CO2排放总量的贡献率20年来保持在70%左右。3)在界定邯郸市三种产业共生模式(产业内共生、产业间共生、产业与城市共生)的基础上,计算20种共生途径单位物质的CO2减排量。对三种模式进行对比,产业内共生CO2减排潜力最大,为3372万t;其次为产业与城市间共生,CO2减排潜力为919万t;产业间共生CO2减排潜力相对较弱,为86万t。
New urbanization has brought forward higher requirements to urban development, and studying urban metabolism can help to analyze the flow of materials and energies within each part of cities, putting forward methods and providing support to the implementation of new urbanization. As a typical resource-based city, Handan city has not changed the high investment, large energy consumption and a large amount of emission in its main industries in recent years. Developing circular economy and industrial symbiosis, as well as exploring the ecological transformation has brought important significances to Handan city.Based on the summary of the material flow of Handan city in nearly 20 years (from 1995 to 2014), this paper studies the relation between the metabolism of urban material flow and that of the main industries in Handan City, puts forward to three models of urban symbiosis, and calculates the influence of urban symbiosis on the emission reduction of CO2 generated by urban metabolism. The main conclusions are as follows:1) The total input amount of Handan city showed an upward trend from 1995 to 2014, increasing by two-fold from 88,071,700 tons in 1995 to 263,936,900 tons in 2014, with an average annual growth rate of 5.95%. In 1995, Handan City’s local mining accounted for 77% of total input, and the redeployment amount for 23%, indicating its resources were mainly derived from local exploitation. In 2005, the ratio of redeployment amount reached to 51%, accounting for more than a half, and reached to 65% in 2014, suggesting that Handan city became increasingly dependent on purchased resources, with growing dependence on external resources.2) The total material inputs of five leading industries (coal industry, coking industry, iron and steel industry, cement industry and electric power industry) in Handan City increases year after year, growing from 99 million tons in 2005 to 23million tons in 2014, with an average annual growth of 4.65%. In the local mining resources, the proportion of iron and steel industry rose from 19 % in 2014 to 32% in 2005. Among all redeployed resources, the proportion of iron and steel industry rose from 41% in 2005 to 66% in 2014, accounting for more than half of all redeployed resources of Handan City. In terms of urban metabolism output, CO2 emissions increased year by year and from 28 million tons in 1995 to 122 million tons in 2014, growing by 3.40 times within 20 years, with an average annual growth of 8.11%. The total CO2 emission of Handan City’s five major industries remained at 70% in these 20 years.3) CO2 emission reduction amounts of 20 unit materials of symbiotic models were calculated based on the definitions of Handan City’s three industrial symbiosis models (internal industrial symbiosis, inter-industrial symbiosis as well as industrial and urban symbiosis). On the basis of the comparisons among these three modes, the CO2 emission reduction potential of internal industrial symbiosis was the largest, reaching 34 million tons; followed by industrial and urban symbiosis, which achieved 9 million tons; inter industrial symbiosis had relatively weak potential in CO2 emission reduction, which reached 865900 tons.