戚继光作为明代著名军事家，曾先后在南部浙江福建一带及北部蓟州镇管理地方防务，在此期间进行了一系列防御设施的修筑，其中最为重要的建设项目之一即为蓟镇长城的空心敌台。在以往对于长城的研究中，一般更关注关城等较大型的军事聚落，而对于空心敌台这一基本单元缺少系统的研究。本文通过对古代文献中明代蓟镇空心敌台建设相关内容的梳理，以及对古北口路蟠龙山—金山岭段长城的实地调研，对于文献记载中记录不够详细，或是表述不够清晰的地方加以补充或验证。本文对于明代蓟镇空心敌台的研究主要通过以下三个方面开展：第一，通过梳理空心敌台的发展过程与建设经过，阐明人们通常认为的空心敌台由戚继光创造的观点是错误的。实际上空心敌台这一防御形势而是不断发展演变而来。戚继光对于空心敌台的主要贡献在于制定了规范化的空心敌台建造制度，并建立起了以空心敌台为基本单元的防御体系。而这种防御体系的建立也并非一蹴而就，而是经过长期的实践摸索，逐步完善而成。明代蓟镇的空心敌台是其在整个军镇范围内首次大规模的，有一定建造规则和建造理论的应用。第二，通过实际调研，结合文献记载的内容，对由戚继光确立的空心敌台建造制度进行梳理。其中主要针对空心敌台的主体结构、交通方式，以及空心敌台门窗的布置。这种由戚继光定型的空心敌台分为上下三层结构，从下至上依次为基础层、空心层、雉堞层，其周长以十二丈为基本尺度，主体结构分为砖木结构和砖结构两大类，其中又以后者居多。此外，还涉及到与空心敌台相关的其他附属设施，如障墙、悬眼等。第三，由于以空心敌台为基本单元的防御体系是由若干连续的空心敌台共同构成的。但是对于若干空心敌台形成的基本组织关系，文献中的记录其实非常有限，而且也非常不明确。为了分析空心敌台的选址布局规则，本文的解决方法是在实地调研的基础上，通过引入DEM数据，利用Global Mapper 以及ArcGIS软件来对实际情况进行模拟，从而分析其中分布、应援的规则。

Qi Jiguang was a famous military in the Ming dynasty, who was once in charge of the defensive management of Zhejiang and Fujian, and then Jizhen area. During this period, he directed the construction of a series of defense facilities, among which the most important one was the watchtowers of the Great Wall in Jizhen. In the past study of the Great Wall, researchers paid more attention to Gucheng, a type of larger military settlements of the Great Wall area. Basic units such as the watchtowers have not been fully studied. This article contents the study on ancient files of Jizhen area in the Ming dynasty, as well as the investigation of the Great Wall of Panlongshan-Jinshanling area, therefore make clear of the expressions which are not clear in the files.In this paper, the study on the watchtowers of the Great Wall in the Ming dynasty carry out through the following three aspects:Firstly, people generally think that the watchtower was created by Qi Jiguang. By combing the development of the watchtower and the construction of it, this paper clarifies that this point of view was not correct. Actually, the development from Mamian to the watchtower takes a long period. Qi Jiguang’s main contribution to the watchtower was that he made a specification for the construction of the watchtowers and set up a defense system using watchtowers as the basic units. This defense system was not achieved overnight, but after a long period of practice and improvement. The system of the watchtowers of Jizhen in the Ming dynasty was the first large-scale use of the watchtower, directed by a certain formula and theory.Secondly, through the investigation of Panlongshan-Jinshanling area, this paper straighten out the build system of the watchtowers, combing the ancient documents. This part includes the main construction of the watchtowers, the connecting between inside and outside, and the pattern of doors and windows. This kind of watchtowers designed by Qi Jiguang can be divided to three parts, which are the base layer, the hollow layer and the crenelation layer, from bottom to top. And it was commonly 3-5 Zhang high and 12 Zhang round. And there are two kind of main body structure, wood-brick structure and brick structure, which is in the majority with the latter. Besides, this part also involve other fortification on the Great Wall related to the watchtowers, such as Zhangqiang and Xuanyan.Third, the record of the organization of the watchtowers are very limited and not very clear. The solution in this paper is using computer software. Based on field investigation, this paper introduce DEM date, together with Global Mapper and ArcGIS to simulate the situation and analyze the organization of the watchtowers.