德谟克利特的原子论是前苏格拉底自然哲学的最高峰，其思想连结埃利亚学派与伊奥利亚学派，成为前苏格拉底时期最重要的哲学家之一。其独有的思想体系和构思方式不仅在哲学上具有重要的创新，更是为自然科学的发展起到了重要作用。德谟克利特虽在根基上秉承伊奥利亚原则，但从埃利亚学派（主要是巴门尼德、芝诺和麦利梭）处借鉴甚多。德谟克利特与埃利亚学派的关系也成为希腊哲学史上最值得讨论的问题之一。在探讨他们的思想渊源时，不可能面面俱到。本文将分别围绕三个概念以展开分析。它们分别是：存在、可分性和虚空。这三个概念乃是探寻德谟克利特与埃利亚关系的关键，也是理解德谟克利特原子论思想的窗口。接着本文将从三个方面展开对德谟克利特原子论本身的讨论。第一，德谟克利特将虚空作为与原子同样的实在，不存在作为虚空便有了不同的含义，成为哲学史上重大的创新，也是德谟克利特与其他哲学家相区别的关键。第二，原子在诸多性质上具有明确的规定，这是原子在漩涡运动中由于碰撞而生成世界和万物的前提。第三，真理与现象的对立由于原子和现象的关系变得不再绝对对立，真理乃是在现象之中。

The atomism created by Democritus is the peak of natural philosophy at the period of presocratic. He is one of the most important philosophers of the presocratic for his link between Eleatic and Ionia. His unique ideology and thinking has great influence not only on philosophy, but also on natural science.Although Democritus adhered to the principle of Ionia, he also absorbed from Eleatics(mainly Parmenides, Zeno and Melissus), which makes the relationship between Democritus and Eleatics one of the question which is most worthy inquiring. As there are so many questions could be asked, we can not cover them all. This paper will focus on three basic concepts. They are: being, divisibility and void. With these three key concepts, we can inquire the secret of relationship between them. And it is also a window to look into the atomism itself.Then, we should take a look into the atomism itself. This paper will discuss it from three aspects. Firstly, Democritus takes the void as the same elementary substance as atoms. By doing so, not-being has so different meaning compares with the other philosophers before, which is the most prominent step to understand Democritus and his atomism .Secondly, atoms have explicit regulations on their properties which play the main role on the coming to be and perishing of the world. Thirdly, the antinomy of truth and phenomenon becomes no more absolute due to the reform between atoms and phenomenon. We can conclude that the truth hides just behind the phenomenon.