知情同意权是最重要的患者权利之一，而知情同意权实现的前提在于医师对医疗告知义务的履行。因此，本文通过调查研究法、比较研究法和案例研究法，对医疗告知义务制度进行了研究。首先，本文对医疗告知义务的理论基础进行梳理和反思。本文认为，自主性原则尽管构成医疗告知义务最重要的理论基础，但它无法解释医疗告知义务的范围和例外等重要问题。因此，除了自主性原则之外，功利主义原则和诚实信用原则也是医疗告知义务制度的理论基础。其次，立足于医疗告知义务制度的理论反思，本文从法律文本出发，对我国医疗告知义务的主体、对象、方式、标准、内容和例外等制度进行了司法论和立法论的分析，并得出如下结论：在告知主体方面，当前告知主体制度的设计违背了经济学的激励相容原则，也不符合未来医师自由执业的发展趋势。因此今后立法中应予以修改；在告知对象方面，应坚持患者优位，仅在保护治疗、紧急医疗、事先授权、自愿放弃等情形下才允许通过对近亲属的告知代替对患者本人的告知；关于告知方式，口头告知是原则，书面告知仅在法律有规定时才需要。告知的语言需以患者可理解为标准。告知的时间必须适当，不能给患者造成压迫；关于告知的标准，应采二重说，即以具体患者标准为原则，但以医师可以合理预见为前提。关于告知内容，包括但不限于病情、治疗措施、风险和替代方案等事项，而且应当允许医患双方协商确定；关于告知例外，我国法律仅规定了保护性治疗、紧急医疗的情形，对于患者自愿放弃、事先授权并没有明确规定，今后修法应予以改正。最后，本文分析了违反告知义务的法律责任。就刑事责任而言，医师违反告知义务，且违背诊疗规范，造成患者生命健康严重损害的，可能构成医疗事故罪。纯粹违反医疗告知义务的，无需承担刑事责任；就行政法律责任而言，当前法律规定存在较大漏洞，很多违反告知义务的患者无法得到行政法救济；就民事法律责任而言，患者可以主张违约责任，也可以主张侵权责任，二者是竞合关系。

The right of informed consent is one of the most important right of patients and the premise of realizing this right is to require physicians fulfill obligations of medical disclosure. Therefore, I conduct a study about obligations of medical disclosure based on survey research, comparative research and case study research.First, I review and rethink the basic theory of obligations of medical disclosure. My result reveal that although the principle of autonomy is an important basis of obligations of medical disclosure, it can’t explain the scope and exceptions of that. Therefore, principles of utilitarian and good faith, besides the principle of autonomy, also constitute the basis of obligations of medical disclosure.Second, this dissertation analyzes legal subjects, objects, models, standards, contents and exceptions of obligations of medical disclosure, from judicial and legislative views, based on specific provisions of obligations of medical disclosure, and makes some conclusions as following: the design of legal subjects of medical disclosure violates the principle of incentive compatibility and contradicts the trend of free of practice of physicians; patients should be the first to be informed. Only in cases of emergency, protection treatment, waive, prior authorization, can relatives of patients be the object of informed consent; physicians should fulfill obligations of medical disclosure properly and timely; the standard of medical disclosure applies to dual standards. Physicians should assure the content of medical disclosure according to the standard of the specific patient, but no more than these beyond physicians’ predictability; as to contents of medical disclosure, including but not limited patients’ condition, measures, risks and alternatives and so on. And this dissertation contends that parties between doctor and patient can bargain the content; in terms of exceptions of medical disclosure, we only stipulate two cases, protection treatment and emergency and ignore waive and prior authorization.At last, this dissertation analyzes legal effects of violating obligations of medical disclosure, such as criminal liability, administrative liability and civil liability.