社会主义思想作为马克思主义的核心思想，集中体现着马克思主义的价值追求。马克思逝世后，恩格斯结合资本主义新变化提出的有关社会主义基本问题的新认识，被称为恩格斯晚年社会主义思想。这一思想长期遭受着争议与歪曲，影响了对恩格斯和科学社会主义的正确评价。本论文以恩格斯晚年文本为依据，系统呈现这一思想的主要内容及其相互关系；以马克思恩格斯共同创立的科学社会主义基本思想为参照，在比较中论证这一思想的理论性质和贡献，澄清误解。 恩格斯晚年揭示了资本主义新变化，结合关于资本主义的理论与新现实，对资本主义的命运进行了再思考。他指出资本主义还有发展空间，改变了资本主义将很快灭亡的论断；指出资本主义新变化没有改变资本主义基本矛盾，反而内含着社会主义趋势。恩格斯晚年发展了资本主义灭亡过程的长期性和结果的必然性相统一的思想，深化了“两个必然”与“两个决不会”思想的统一。 恩格斯晚年揭示了同资本主义新变化相适应的社会主义实现路径。在坚持无产阶级革命这一根本道路的原则下，恩格斯根据新的革命条件提出议会斗争这一新型策略，并把工农联盟提升为无产阶级夺取政权的重要条件，同时坚持保留暴力革命这一非常手段。恩格斯晚年的策略思想始终贯穿着历史唯物主义的基本精神，同马克思的策略思想精神一致，他没有背离科学社会主义。 恩格斯晚年基于对资本主义的新认识，对未来社会的论述更加原则化。在发展阶段上，他开始从改造社会的复杂性角度强调过渡时期的重要性。在基本特征上，他只强调生产资料公有制这一条原则和预测未来社会的科学方法，提出社会主义社会是经常变化和改革的社会。恩格斯晚年在坚持马克思探讨未来社会的方法论原则和社会主义目标中，发展了社会主义实现过程的长期性和复杂性思想。 恩格斯晚年在坚守科学社会主义基本原则的前提下与时俱进地推进社会主义理论创新，体现了坚持与发展科学社会主义的辩证统一，是对科学社会主义的重要贡献。当代视域下，恩格斯晚年社会主义思想提供了科学分析社会主义现实与未来的理论支持，有助于我们坚定社会主义信念；提供了正确认识和理解中国特色社会主义的方法论，有助于我们增强践行中国特色社会主义的自信自觉。

Socialist ideology as the core ideology of Marxism embodies the value pursuit of Marxism. After Marx’s death, Engels proposed new cognition to the basic problems of socialist combining with new changes of capitalism, which was known as Engels’ socialist ideology in his old age. This ideology suffered from the controversy and distortion for a long time, which affected the proper evaluations to Engels and scientific socialism. This dissertation systematically presents the main content and its mutual relations of this ideology, according to Engels’ texts in his old age. This dissertation aimed to prove this ideology’s theory nature and contributions and clarify the misunderstandings during the comparison, with the reference of basic idea of the scientific socialism co-founded by Marx and Engels. Engels in his old age revealed the new changes of the capitalism and thought over again about the destiny of capitalism combining with the theory and new reality of capitalism. He pointed out there were development space for capitalism, changing the assertion that capitalism will perish soon. He indicated that the new changes of capitalism did not change the basic contradictions of capitalism,which instead contained the trend of the socialism. Engels developed unified thought of the long-term destruction of capitalism and the inevitable result and deepened the ideology unity of Two Inevitability and Two Nevers. Engels revealed the path to achieve socialism accordance with the new changes of capitalism in his old age. On the premise of insistence to fundamental principles of proletarian revolution, Engels put forward the new strategy of parliamentary struggle according to the new conditions of the revolution, and lifted the worker-peasant alliance as an important condition for the proletariat to seize power and at the same time insisting on retaining the very strategy of violent revolution. Engels' strategy thoughts in his old age ran through the basic spirit of historical materialism, which was consistent with Marx's strategy thoughts, indicating that he did not deviate from the scientific socialism. Engels became more principled in the discussion of future society in his old age with his new understanding to the capitalism. In the development step, he started to emphasize the importance of the transition period from the angle of the complexity of the society transformation. On the basic characteristics, he only stressed that the principle of public ownership and the scientific method to predict the future of society, putting forward that socialist society is constantly changing and reforming. Engels in his old age developed the understanding of the long-term nature and complexity to realize socialism in the insistence of Marx’s methodological principles and socialism objects in discuss future society. On the premise of sticking to scientific socialism, Engels keeping pace with the times boosted the theory innovation of socialism in his old age, showing the dialectical unity of insistence and development of scientific socialism, making a great contribution to the scientific socialism. From the contemporary perspective, Engels’s socialism in his old age provided theory support to scientifically analyze the reality and future of socialism, which helped to strengthen our faith to socialism. It provided a methodology to correctly know and understand the socialism with Chinese characteristics, which will help us to enhance our self-confidence and self-conscious to practice socialism.