论文以毛泽东在中国社会主义基本制度确立过程中的思想与实践探索为研究对象，力求客观展现毛泽东领导创建社会主义基本制度的历史脉络，总结毛泽东构想和创建社会主义基本制度的主要思想，科学评价毛泽东探索的历史地位。基于此，论文主要解决如下问题：一是毛泽东如何确立社会主义理想。毛泽东毕其一生都在为社会主义基本制度的建立、巩固和发展而奋斗，这源于青年时期对“改造中国与世界”命题的思考以及对社会主义理想的坚定信念。求学期间，他接触过多种主义，但经过革命实践和思想清算，最终选择的是马克思主义。中国共产党成立后，他把个人政治抱负与党的政治理想结合起来，开始了在中国创建社会主义基本制度的不懈探索。二是毛泽东如何构想中国社会主义基本制度。毛泽东最早从无产阶级专政和消灭私有制认识社会主义基本制度，在长期的革命实践活动中，他把对社会主义基本制度的认识、苏联社会主义制度的经验与中国具体实际结合起来，到新中国成立前初步形成了对社会主义基本制度的构想，这包括人民民主专政的国体、人民代表大会制度的政体、共产党领导的多党合作制度、民族区域自治制度、公有制的社会主义经济制度等。三是毛泽东如何领导创建中国社会主义基本制度。创建社会主义基本制是毛泽东革命实践的最终指向，他在新民主主义革命时期的实践也有着探索社会主义基本制度的内涵。新中国成立后，毛泽东在党的七届二中全会关于新民主主义社会向社会主义社会转变思想的基础上，形成了向社会主义过渡的基本思想，这一思想实现了新民主主义革命与社会主义改造、新民主主义制度与社会主义制度的有机衔接和转变，并指导中国确立了社会主义基本制度。四是如何评价毛泽东领导创建中国社会主义基本制度的历史地位。毛泽东的历史贡献是开拓性的，他找到了在中国建立社会主义基本制度的道路，奠定了中国特色社会主义制度的根基，开启了对社会主义政治经济体制改革的探索，在制度创建和改革探索过程中，也存在着无法摆脱苏联模式的影响、对制度现代化问题认识不足等历史局限。

The research theme in this paper is the practice that how Mao Zedong has established a socialist basic system in China. This paper many focuses on Mao Zedong’sthoughts and practices about the social system during the New-democratic Revolution and socialist revolution, and thelink of the two social systems. This study presents Mao Zedong’sattempts and efforts for the exploration of establishing socialist basic system in China, and hence gives an objective review of Mao Zedong's exploration. For these objectives, this paper mainly illustrates the following issues. The first is how Mao Zedong set up his beliefs of socialism and took socialism as his objective ofstruggle. Mao Zedong spent his whole life establishing, consolidating and developing the socialist basic system. His faith came from his thinking of transforming the China and world when he was young. In school, he had a lot of political thoughts. However, he decided to take socialism as his final faith finally because he believed that socialism will be the ultimate faith all over the world. After joining the CCP, Mao Zedong combined his individual pursue with the political thought of the CCP and started exploring to lead the CCP to establish a socialist basic system in China. The second is how Mao Zedong comprehends the content of the socialist basic system, which reflects his theoretical level of socialism. Mao Zedong comprehended the socialist basic system early from establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat and elimination of private ownership. During the long-term revolution practice, he combined the basic understanding of the socialist basic system, the Soviet socialist system and the concrete practice in China. Before the PRC was founded, Mao Zedong accomplish his conception basically, which consist of the state’s form of people’s democratic dictatorship, the government’s form of the system of people’s congress, the multiparty cooperation under the leadership of the CCP, the system of regional national autonomy under united democratic republic, socialist fundamental economic system with a core of public-owned system. The third is how Mao Zedong set up the socialist basic system. Mao Zedong saw the Chinese revolution from the view of establishing socialist basic system in China, so it is for finally establishing socialist basic system that he put forward to the propositions of two steps of Chinese revolution and New-democratic Revolution. His exploration of system during the New-democratic Revolution included that for socialist basic system, which is also the key to understanding why Mao Zedong did not approve of consolidating the New-democratic System. His thought of the transition to socialism organically integrated the New-Democratic System and the socialist basic system. The fourth is how to evaluate the historical position of Mao Zedong establishing the socialist basic system. The evaluation result is impacted by the principle, standard and standpoint. Mao Zedong had pioneering historical contributions, who laid the foundation of the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and started the exploration of the political and economic system revolution. The main historical limits are the impact of Soviet Model and lack of awareness of system modernization, which are obviously marked by the times.